Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29282360›Full record

Trial reportProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2018

Serum cholesterol and risk of high-grade prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.

Juzar Jamnagerwalla, Lauren E Howard, Emma H Allott, Adriana C Vidal, Daniel M Moreira, Ramiro Castro-Santamaria, Gerald L Andriole, Michael R Freeman, Stephen J Freedland

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.

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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Juzar JamnagerwallaDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Lauren E HowardDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Emma H AllottDepartment of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Adriana C VidalDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Daniel M MoreiraMayo Clinic, Department of Urology, Rochester, MN, USA.
Ramiro Castro-SantamariaGlaxoSmithKline Inc., R&D, King of Prussia, PA, USA.
Gerald L AndrioleWashington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Michael R FreemanDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Stephen J FreedlandDivision of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. stephen.freedland@cshs.org.
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center · USDuke University · USDurham VA Medical Center · USGlaxoSmithKline (United States) · USHarvard University · USMayo Clinic in Arizona · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

Midcareer Investigator AwardK24CA160653 · NCI · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI FREEDLAND, STEPHEN JAY · 2012 to 2016
$877k
NCI NIH HHS K24 CA160653
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEpidemiologic evidence for a serum cholesterol-prostate cancer link is mixed. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is positively correlated with cholesterol, potentially increasing PSA-driven biopsy recommendations in men with high cholesterol, though biopsy compliance may be lower in men with comorbid conditions. These potential biases may affect PSA-driven biopsy rates and subsequent prostate cancer detection in men with high serum cholesterol. Our objective was to test the association between serum cholesterol and prostate cancer risk in men receiving PSA independent, study-mandated prostate biopsies.

methodsWe conducted a post hoc analysis of data from 4974 non-statin users in REDUCE, a randomized trial in men with elevated PSA and a negative baseline biopsy. Men underwent 2- and 4-year trial-mandated prostate biopsies. Associations between baseline serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and prostate cancer risk, overall and by Gleason grade (<7 vs. ≥7), were examined using multivariable logistic regression.

resultsHigh total serum cholesterol was associated with an increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer diagnosis (OR per 10 mg/dL 1.05; 95% CI 1.00-1.09; p = 0.048), but cholesterol was unrelated to either overall or low-grade prostate cancer risk (p-values >0.185). There was no association between serum LDL and overall, low- or high-grade prostate cancer risk (p-values >0.137). In contrast, elevated serum HDL was associated with increased risk of both overall (OR per 10 mg/dL 1.08; 95% CI 1.01-1.16; p = 0.033) and high-grade prostate cancer (OR per 10 mg/dL 1.14; 95% CI 1.01-1.28; p = 0.034).

conclusionsIn REDUCE, where all men received PSA independent, trial-mandated biopsies thus ensuring complete prostate cancer ascertainment, high total serum cholesterol and high HDL were associated with increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer, supporting a cholesterol-prostate cancer link.

Indexed as

AgedBiomarkers, TumorCholesterolFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm GradingPrognosisProstate-Specific AntigenProstatic NeoplasmsRisk FactorsUnited StatesBiomarkers, TumorCholesterolProstate-Specific Antigen

Identifiers

PMID29282360
PMCPMC6021229
OpenAlexW2777550987

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.