ArticleBMC psychiatry2017
Gender differences in patterns of drug use and sexual risky behaviour among crack cocaine users in Central Brazil.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions at reducing the frequency of alcohol and drug use in parents: findings of a Cochrane Review and meta-analyses.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Psychiatric factors associated with early-onset and poly-drug use: insights from a large-scale addiction registry.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Crack-cocaine use practices, harms and respiratory problems: an analysis of gender differences using data from a cross-sectional survey in England.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Parental pattern, childhood trauma, and impulsivity contribute to the severity of crack cocaine addiction: a cluster analysis.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Article
- Risky Sexual Behaviors and Condom Use Barriers in Iranian Women with Substance Use Disorders.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Transgenerational Cycle of Traumatization and HIV Risk Exposure among Crack Users.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Sexual violence against men in Brazil: underreporting, prevalence, and associated factors.Revista de saude publica · 2023Review
- Gender differences in progression to crack-cocaine use and the role of sexual and physical violence.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2022Article
- Determinants of health among people who use illicit drugs in the conflict-affected countries of Afghanistan, Colombia and Myanmar: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence.Conflict and health · 2022Review
- The Perceptions of Women About Their High Experience of Using Crack Cocaine.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Prevalence of adult sexual abuse in men with mental illness: Bayesian meta-analysis.BJPsych open · 2021Review
- Influence of gender and education on cocaine users in an outpatient cohort in Spain.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Evidence for the Effectiveness and Acceptability of e-SBI or e-SBIRT in the Management of Alcohol and Illicit Substance Use in Pregnant and Post-partum Women.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Correlates of Sex Selling and Sex Purchasing among Adults Seeking Treatment for Cocaine Use Disorder.Substance use & misuse · 2021Article
- Sex-based differences in multidimensional clinical assessments of early-abstinence crack cocaine users.PloS one · 2019Article
- Cocaine, ethanol, cannabis and benzodiazepines co-consumption among patients assisted at the emergency room.Open access emergency medicine : OAEM · 2019Article
- Substance use preferences and sexually transmitted infections among Canadian post-secondary students.Patient preference and adherence · 2018Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus infection and syphilis among homeless people in a large city of Central-Western Brazil: prevalence, risk factors, human immunodeficiency virus-1 genetic diversity, and drug resistance mutations.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to compare sociodemographic characteristics, patterns of drug use, and risky sexual behaviour among female and male users of crack cocaine.
methodsBetween 2012 and 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 919 crack cocaine users (783 men and 136 women) in Central Brazil using face-to-face interviews. Blood samples were collected to test for syphilis. The Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) was used to explore the differences between genders. We implemented two models: the first model included previous incarceration and variables related to patterns of drug use, and the second model included variables related to sexual risky behaviours and syphilis exposure.
resultsWomen consumed more crack cocaine than men on a regular basis; however, poly-drug use was more common among men. More women than men reported exchanging sex for money and/or drugs and inconsistent condom use during sexual intercourse; women also reported more sexual partners. In addition, the frequency of sexual violence was higher for women than men. A higher proportion of women than men were positive for syphilis (27.2% vs. 9.2%; p < 0.001). The CHAID decision tree analysis identified seven variables that differentiated the genders: previous incarceration, marijuana use, daily crack cocaine consumption, age at first illicit drug use, sexual violence, exchange of sex for money and/or drugs, and syphilis exposure.
conclusionOur findings demonstrate a difference in patterns of crack cocaine consumption and sexual risky behaviours between genders, thus indicating a need for gender-specific interventions in this population.
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Registered trials
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