ArticleBMC cancer2017
Somatostatin and CXCR4 chemokine receptor expression in hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas: tumor capillaries as promising targets.
Article in BMC cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemokines: Orchestration of the Tumor Microenvironment and Control of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical Evaluation of Response to Octreotide and Chemotherapy in High-Grade Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumors and Promising In Vitro Preclinical Results with Pasireotide.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- CXCR4-directed PET/CT with [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Article
- Review
- Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in Tumour Biology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Expression prevalence and dynamics of GPCR somatostatin receptors 2 and 3 as cancer biomarkers beyond NET: a paired immunohistochemistry approach.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- A Novel Purine and Uric Metabolism Signature Predicting the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Identifying the Prognostic Risk Factors of Synaptojanin 2 and Its Underlying Perturbations Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Bioengineered · 2021Article
- Reassessment of SST4 Somatostatin Receptor Expression Using SST4-eGFP Knockin Mice and the Novel Rabbit Monoclonal Anti-Human SST4 Antibody 7H49L61.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Role of chemokines in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review).Oncology reports · 2021Review
- Antitumoral and Anti-inflammatory Roles of Somatostatin and Its Analogs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2021Review
- Overview of Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogs for Cancer Imaging and Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Evaluation of Somatostatin and CXCR4 Receptor Expression in a Large Set of Prostate Cancer Samples Using Tissue Microarrays and Well-Characterized Monoclonal Antibodies.Translational oncology · 2020Article
- Biological and Clinical Significance of the CCR5/CCL5 Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2020Article
- Circulating tumor cells and CXCR4 in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2020Article
- Review
- Concise Review: Functional Roles and Therapeutic Potentials of Long Non-coding RNAs in Cholangiopathies.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Review
- Cordycepin suppresses the migration and invasion of human liver cancer cells by downregulating the expression of CXCR4.International journal of molecular medicine · 2020Article
- Somatostatin and chemokine CXCR4 receptor expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma relative to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHepatocellular (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCC) display an exceptionally poor prognosis. Especially for advanced disease no efficient standard therapy is currently available. Recently, somatostatin analogs have been evaluated for the treatment of HCC, however, with contradictory results. Besides, for both malignancies the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been discussed as a possible new target structure.
methodsExpression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes 1, 2A, 3, 4, and 5, and of CXCR4 was evaluated in a total of 71 HCCs and 27 CCCs by immunohistochemistry using well-characterized novel monoclonal antibodies.
resultsIn HCC tumor cells, frequency and intensity of expression of SSTRs and CXCR4 were only low. CXCR4 was present in about 40% of the HCCs, although at a low intensity. SSTR5, SSTR2, and SSTR3 were detected in about 15%, 8%, and 5% of the HCC tumors, respectively. SSTR and CXCR4 expression was much higher in CCC than in HCC. CXCR4 and SSTR1 were present in 60% and 67% of the CCC samples, respectively, followed by SSTR2 and SSTR5, which were detected in 30% and 11% of the tumors, respectively. Most notably, CXCR4 was intensely expressed on the tumor capillaries in about 50% of the HCCs and CCCs. CXCR4 expression on tumor vessels was associated with poor patient outcomes.
conclusionsCCC, but not HCC, may be suitable for SSTR-based treatments. Because of the predominant expression of SSTR1, pan-somatostatin analogs should be preferred. In both HCC and CCC, indirect targeting of tumors via the CXCR4-positive tumor capillaries may represent a promising additional therapeutic strategy.
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