ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2018
Tissue Sodium Content is Elevated in the Skin and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Women with Lipedema.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Complete Decongestive Therapy With Negative Pressure for Lipedema and Lymphedema Therapy
Visualizing Vascular Mechanisms of Salt Sensitivity
Effects of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Therapy on Tissue Volume, Pain, and Quality of Life in Women Living With Lipedema
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipedema: Progress, Challenges, and the Road Ahead.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Quantifying Skin Sodium Concentration With Novel Very Rapid Biexponential TMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular Distinctions, Diagnosis, and Mechanism-Based Therapies in Lipedema and Obesity.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Tissue Sodium Response to Complete Decongestive Therapy in Lower Extremity Lymphedema.Lymphatic research and biology · 2026Article
- Lipedema Reframed: AFS Framework for Surgical and Transdisciplinary Management.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Review
- Sodium Retention and Distribution in Growing and Adult Rodents Fed High and Low Salt Diets.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Lipedema and Dynapenia: Inflammatory Myosteatosis as a Mechanistic Link Between Tissue Expansion and Muscle Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dietary Inflammatory Index and Mediterranean Diet Score are associated with systemic inflammation in women with lipedema.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Unraveling lipedema: comprehensive insights and the path to future discoveries.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Review
- Lipedema World Alliance Delphi Consensus-Based Position Paper on the Definition and Management of Lipedema: Results from the 2023 Lipedema World Congress in Potsdam.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Vascular changes and their implications in lipedema.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- New Frontiers in modeling the lipedema microenvironmentFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Manual lymphatic drainage reduces tissue sodium and self-reported pain in women with lipedema: a quantitative MRI study.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Breast Imaging Findings in Women with Lipedema: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Measurement of sodium in soft tissue and bone in a sodium diet intervention study usingPhysiological measurement · 2025Article
- New Characterization of Lipedema Stages: Focus on Pain, Water, Fat and Skeletal Muscle.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Examining the characteristic features of lipedema and the usefulness of BMI and WHtR in clinical evaluation.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Lipedema: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.Archives of plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Sodium MRI of the skin using a surface coil to investigate and reduce signal loss and bias.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Water retention influences thigh skin temperature variation post-exercise: preliminary study of bioimpedance analysis and thermography data.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo test the hypothesis that tissue sodium and adipose content are elevated in patients with lipedema; if confirmed, this could establish precedence for tissue sodium and adipose content representing a discriminatory biomarker for lipedema.
methodsParticipants with lipedema (n = 10) and control (n = 11) volunteers matched for biological sex, age, BMI, and calf circumference were scanned with 3.0-T sodium and conventional proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Standardized tissue sodium content was quantified in the calf skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and muscle. Dixon MRI was employed to quantify tissue fat and water volumes of the calf. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied to compare regional sodium content and fat-to-water volume between groups (significance: two-sided P ≤ 0.05).
resultsSkin (P = 0.01) and SAT (P = 0.04) sodium content were elevated in lipedema (skin: 14.9 ± 2.9 mmol/L; SAT: 11.9 ± 3.1 mmol/L) relative to control participants (skin: 11.9 ± 2.0 mmol/L; SAT: 9.4 ± 1.6 mmol/L). Relative fat-to-water volume in the calf was elevated in lipedema (1.2 ± 0.48 ratio) relative to control participants (0.63 ± 0.26 ratio; P < 0.001). Skin sodium content was directly correlated with fat-to-water volume (Spearman's rho = 0.54; P = 0.01).
conclusionsInternal metrics of tissue sodium and adipose content are elevated in patients with lipedema, potentially providing objective imaging-based biomarkers for differentially diagnosing the under-recognized condition of lipedema from obesity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.