ArticleSchizophrenia research2019
Complement system biomarkers in first episode psychosis.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral complement proteins in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of serological studies.Schizophrenia research · 2020Pooled it
- The Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Cognitive Functions in Psychiatric Disorders.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Immunological predictors in first-episode psychosis: findings from one-year prospective follow-up study.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- Blood plasma proteomic biomarkers for forecasting transition to psychosis in an Asian cohort.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Plasma profiles of neurology-related proteins in at-risk mental state and first-episode psychosis: Associations with psychotic symptoms and cognitive performance.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in schizophrenia: an immunological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Soluble Membrane Attack Complex (sMAC) as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker Differentiating Acute Viral Encephalitis from Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a Post-infectious Autoimmune State.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- Soluble terminal complement complex blood levels are elevated in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- Elevated serum kynurenic acid in individuals with first-episode psychosis and insufficient response to antipsychotics.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The complement system in neurodegenerative diseases.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2024Article
- Association of elevated levels of peripheral complement components with cortical thinning and impaired logical memory in drug-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Circadian Regulation of the Neuroimmune Environment Across the Lifespan: From Brain Development to Aging.Journal of biological rhythms · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Serum Complement Levels and Factors Affecting Treatment Resistance in Patients with Schizophrenia.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Multiple Complement Pathway-related Proteins Might Regulate Immunopathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Serum complement proteins rather than inflammatory factors is effective in predicting psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of complement component 4A is increased in first episode schizophrenia.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Deregulation of complement components C4A and CSMD1 peripheral expression in first-episode psychosis and links to cognitive ability.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Transdiagnostic inflammatory subgroups among psychiatric disorders and their relevance to role functioning: a nested case-control study of the ALSPAC cohort.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Advances in Using MRI to Estimate the Risk of Future Outcomes in Mental Health - Are We Getting There?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Alterations in innate immune defense distinguish first-episode schizophrenia patients from healthy controls.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several lines of evidence implicate immunological/inflammatory factors in development of schizophrenia. Complement is a key driver of inflammation, and complement dysregulation causes pathology in many diseases. Here we explored whether complement dysregulation occurred in first episode psychosis (FEP) and whether this provides a source of biomarkers. Eleven complement analytes (C1q, C3, C4, C5, factor B [FB], terminal complement complex [TCC], factor H [FH], FH-related proteins [FHR125], Properdin, C1 inhibitor [C1inh], soluble complement receptor 1 [CR1]) plus C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum from 136 first episode psychosis (FEP) cases and 42 mentally healthy controls using established in-house or commercial ELISA. The relationship between caseness and variables (analytes measured, sex, age, ethnicity, tobacco/cannabis smoking) was tested by multivariate logistic regression. When measured individually, only TCC was significantly different between FEP and controls (p=0.01). Stepwise selection demonstrated interdependence between some variables and revealed other variables that significantly and independently contributed to distinguishing cases and controls. The final model included demographics (sex, ethnicity, age, tobacco smoking) and a subset of analytes (C3, C4, C5, TCC, C1inh, FHR125, CR1). A receiver operating curve analysis combining these variables yielded an area under the curve of 0.79 for differentiating FEP from controls. This model was confirmed by multiple replications using randomly selected sample subsets. The data suggest that complement dysregulation occurs in FEP, supporting an underlying immune/inflammatory component to the disorder. Classification of FEP cases according to biological variables rather than symptoms would help stratify cases to identify those that might most benefit from therapeutic modification of the inflammatory response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.