SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2017
Occupational Exposure to Solar Radiation at Different Latitudes and Pterygium: A Systematic Review of the Last 10 Years of Scientific Literature.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global, regional, and national prevalence of pterygium in 2023: a systematic review and modelling analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- TFOS lifestyle: Impact of societal challenges on the ocular surface.The ocular surface · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of cataract in health care workers exposed to ionizing radiation: a systematic review.La Medicina del lavoro · 2020Pooled it
- Macular degeneration and occupational risk factors: a systematic review.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2019Pooled it
- Cataract frequency and subtypes involved in workers assessed for their solar radiation exposure: a systematic review.Acta ophthalmologica · 2018Pooled it
- Sunglasses use, UV protection, and knowledge of UV radiation among adults in Poland: a cross-sectional study.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2026Article
- Occupational Solar UV Exposure and Skin Cancer: A Quantitative Framework for Individual Causal Attribution in Dermatology Practice.Safety and health at work · 2026Article
- Knowledge-Behavior and Adherence Gap in Protective Eyewear Use Among Outdoor Workers with High Ocular Surface Disease Burden in a Desert Environment.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Characteristics and risk factors of recurrent pterygium underwent excision combined with limbal conjunctival autograft in southern rural China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The exposure-lag-response association between solar radiation components and meibomian gland dysfunction in Shanghai, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Are surfers and scuba divers an overlooked at-risk group for age-related macular degeneration?Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Educational inequalities in sun protection practices among Brazilian adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical outcomes of pterygium surgery over a ten-year period: a review of recurrence and complication rates.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Occupational Exposure to Solar Radiation and the Eye: A Call to Implement Health Surveillance of Outdoor Workers.La Medicina del lavoro · 2023Article
- Prevalence and associated factors for pterygium in a Chinese rural population with type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional study: Jiangsu Diabetic Eye Disease Study (JDEDS).International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Surgical Time and Postoperative Symptoms Study in Pterygium Excision and Amniotic Membrane Graft Using Celularity Triple Layer Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Ultraviolet light exposure and its penetrance through the eye in a porcine model.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Ocular health among industrial workers: a prevalence study of foreign body injury, refractive error, dry eye, pterygium and pingueculae.La Medicina del lavoro · 2022Article
- Effects of Solar Radiation on the Eyes.Cureus · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pterygium is a chronic eye disease: among its recognized risk factors there is long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The Sun is the main source of UV exposure: according to the World Health Organization, the Population Attributable Fraction of pterygium due to solar radiation (SR) is 42-74%. Outdoor work can deeply influence the eye exposure to solar UV rays, but, despite this, pterygium is currently not adequately considered as a possible occupational disease in this working category, at least in Europe. For this reason, we performed a systematic review of the scientific literature published in the last ten years (2008-2017) considering the role of outdoor work as a risk factor for pterygium, in order to give new support for the prevention of this UV related disease in workers. We identified 29 relevant papers. Our results show that pterygium prevalence highly increased with latitude and mean annual UV index, and outdoor work is one of the most relevant risk factors, as well as age and male sex, both in high risk and in moderate risk World areas considering the environmental UV levels. Accordingly, pterygium occurring in outdoor workers should be considered an occupational disease. Moreover, our findings clearly support the need of further research on more effective prevention of the occupational risk related to long-term solar radiation exposure of the eye.
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