ArticleJournal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association2017
Retrospective analysis of episiotomy prevalence.
Article in Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05955716 (The Effect of Relaxation Exercise Applied With Virtual Reality Glasses on Episiotomy-induced Perineal Pain Score and Fear), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Relaxation Exercise Applied With Virtual Reality Glasses on Episiotomy-induced Perineal Pain Score and Fear: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Study
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Episiotomy Practice and Its Associated Factors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of episiotomy practice and factors associated with it in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis.Women's health (London, England)Pooled it
- Effects of manual perineal protection and pushing techniques used in the second stage of labor on perineal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial of combinations of strategies.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- The effect of probiotic supplementation on episiotomy wound healing among primiparous women: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Trial
- Evaluation the effect of Silybum marianum ointment on episiotomy wound healing and pain intensity in primiparous women: a randomized triple blind clinical trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2021Trial
- Is it time to abandon episiotomy use? A randomized controlled trial (EPITRIAL).International urogynecology journal · 2020Trial
- Effects of hand preference on learning episiotomy skills: a study conducted with midwifery students.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Sexual Experiences of Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Qualitative Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- "Invisible wounds of childbirth"; women's experiences of obstetric violence: a phenomenological qualitative study.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- The prevalence of episiotomy and associated factors at Shahrara Teaching Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Incidence of Episiotomy in Kasr Alainy OBGYN Hospital in Cairo, Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis of episiotomy incidence and risk factors in vaginal deliveries: a single-center.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence of episiotomy and associated factors among women who gave birth at public health facilities in Jigjiga town, eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Association between Parity and Preterm Birth-Retrospective Analysis from a Single Center in Poland.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of Dry Heat Application on Perineal Pain and Episiotomy Wound Healing among Primipara Women.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2023Article
- Perspectives of skilled birth attendants and pregnant women regarding episiotomy: a quantitative approach.African health sciences · 2021Article
- The perception and knowledge about episiotomy: A cross-sectional survey involving healthcare workers in a low- and middle-income country.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2021Article
- Pre- and during-labour predictors of low birth satisfaction among Iranian women: a prospective analytical study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- The Effect of Olea Ointment on Post-Episiotomy Pain Severity in Primiparous Women: A Paralleled Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study was performed to determine the rate of episiotomy. MATERIAL AND
methodsThis retrospective was conducted in 3 state hospitals located in 3 cities in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Ethics committee approval was received for this study. Also, institutional permissions from the institutions where the study was conducted were obtained before the study. The sample of the study consisted of 8587 women. The data of the study were collected by analyzing birth records in archive records.
resultsThe average age of the women was 26.16±5.9 years, the average number of deliveries was 2.19±1.2, and 52.0% of the women who gave birth via vaginal delivery underwent episiotomy. The rate of episiotomy was found to be 93.3% in primipara women and 30.2% in multipara women. It was determined that neonatal weight did not affect the episiotomy rate, and that neonatal height was higher in deliveries with episiotomy and suture. Also, it was determined that as the age and parity of the women decreased, the rate of episiotomy increased.
conclusionThe rate of episiotomy was observed to be high, especially in primipara women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.