ArticleShanghai archives of psychiatry2017
Abnormal Concentration of GABA and Glutamate in The Prefrontal Cortex in Schizophrenia.-An in Vivo 1H-MRS Study.
Article in Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medial Frontal Cortex GABA Concentrations in Psychosis Spectrum and Mood Disorders: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Glutamatergic and GABAergic metabolite levels in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis ofMolecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Medial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate Is Reduced in Schizophrenia and Moderated by Measurement Quality: A Meta-analysis of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Development and in vivo proof-of-concept of delayed alternating nutation tailored excitation point resolved spectroscopy (dante-press): a frequency-selective single voxel spectroscopy sequence applied to in vivo measurements of naa and glu at 7.0 T.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Cerebral glutamate levels over two years in initially antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients with psychosis are related to clinical symptoms and cognition.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Between neurons and networks: investigating mesoscale brain connectivity in neurological and psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- New Therapeutic Targets and Drugs for Schizophrenia Beyond Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Review
- Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Concentrations in the Striatum and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Not Found to Be Associated with Cognitive Flexibility.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Dopamine Synthesis Capacity and GABA and Glutamate Levels Separate Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Psychosis From Healthy Control Subjects in a Multimodal Prediction Model.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Increased rostral medial frontal GABA+ in early psychosis is obscured by levels of negative affect.Schizophrenia research · 2023Article
- Seventy Years of Treating Delusional Disorder with Antipsychotics: A Historical Perspective.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate/Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Alterations in Clinical High Risk and First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Preliminary 7-T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Deficit Symptomatology of Schizophrenia Is Associated with Attenuated Taste Identification: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Association between cannabinoid 1 receptor availability and glutamate levels in healthy controls and drug-free patients with first episode psychosis: a multi-modal PET and 1H-MRS study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Article
- Cerebellar and multi-system metabolic reprogramming associated with trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like behavior in mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2021Article
- Determinants of Schizophrenia Endophenotypes Based on Neuroimaging and Biochemical Parameters.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Treatment response after 6 and 26 weeks is related to baseline glutamate and GABA levels in antipsychotic-naïve patients with psychosis.Psychological medicine · 2020Article
- Neurometabolic correlates of 6 and 16 weeks of treatment with risperidone in medication-naive first-episode psychosis patients.Translational psychiatry · 2020Article
- Glutamate levels in the anterior cingulate cortex in un-medicated first episode psychosis: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Retrospective artifact elimination in MEGA-PRESS using a correlation approach.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe etiology and pathomechanism of schizophrenia are unknown. The traditional dopamine (DA) hypothesis is unable to fully explain its pathology and therapeutics. The glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypotheses suggest Glu or GABA concentrations are abnormal in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) show glutamate level increases in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) including the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) in those with schizophrenia.
aimsTo investigate the function of the glutamate system (glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid) in the etiology and pathomechanism of schizophrenia.
methods24 drug naïve patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy volunteers were matched by gender, age, and educational level. The Siemens 3T MRI system was used to collect the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data of the subjects. The regions of interest included the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (IDLPFC), ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). LCModel software was used to analyze the concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) in the region of interest. Meanwhile, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) were used to assess the mental symptoms and severity of the disease.
resultsThe median GABA concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex of the schizophrenia group and the healthy control group were 1.90 (Q1=1.55, Q3=2.09) and 2.16 (Q1=1.87, Q3=2.59) respectively; the mean (sd) Glu concentrations were 6.07 (2.48) and 6.54 (1.99); the median Gln concentrations were 0.36 (Q1=0.00, Q3=0.74) and 0.29 (Q1=0.00, Q3=0.59); the between-group difference of the GABA concentrations was statistically significant (
conclusionsThe concentration of glutamate in the vemtromedial prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia was abnormal, whereas the concentration of GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex decreased, supporting the hypothesis of abnormal glutamate -GABA in the brains of those individuals with schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia, the GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex had an accelerated decline with age. The clinical symptoms may be correlated to the metabolite concentration of the anterior cingulate cortex.
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