ArticleBiological psychiatry2018
Prospective Validation That Subgenual Connectivity Predicts Antidepressant Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Sites.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 237 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating the Efficacy and Tolerability of Targeted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Youth
Neuroimaging Biomarker-Guided Personalized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Treatment for Major Depressive Episode in Adolescents and Young Adults with Mood Disorders: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study
Improving Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Treatments: from Lesions to Neuromodulation Targets
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Wearable Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Home-Based Treatment of Depression
Who cites it
237 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 475 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneous brain alterations in treatment-resistant depression converge on common control networks.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Subcallosal cingulate functional connectivity in depression: a systematic review of brain stimulation-induced changes and pretreatment connectivity predictors.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI studies with patients and healthy controls.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Ultrasound Applications in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Therapeutic Potentials in Clinical Trials and Animal Model Studies.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2026Pooled it
- Predicting the treatment outcomes of major depressive disorder interventions with baseline resting-state functional connectivity: a meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Potential locations for non-invasive brain stimulation in treating ADHD: Results from a cross-dataset validation of functional connectivity analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Status and trends of TMS research in depressive disorder: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Brain stimulation targets for chronic pain: Insights from meta-analysis, functional connectivity and literature review.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Brain connectivity in major depressive disorder: a precision component of treatment modalities?Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- A transdiagnostic network for psychiatric illness derived from atrophy and lesions.Nature human behaviour · 2023Pooled it
- Placebo effects and neuromodulation for depression: a meta-analysis and evaluation of shared mechanisms.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for geriatric depression.Ageing research reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Guideline
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on resting-state connectivity: A systematic review.NeuroImage · 2020Pooled it
- Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation targeting personalized fronto-parietal control network improves core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Target engagement in a head-to-head clinical trial of dysphoric versus anxiosomatic transcranial magnetic stimulation targets.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Residential Therapy With Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Combat-Related PTSD: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Prospective open-label trial of personalised connectivity-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Trial
- Structural-functional multilayer brain network properties and outcome of combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Trial
177 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe optimal target in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for treating depression with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) remains unknown. Better efficacy has been associated with stimulation sites that are 1) more anterior and lateral and 2) more functionally connected to the subgenual cingulate. Here we prospectively test whether these factors predict response in individual patients.
methodsA primary cohort (Boston, n = 25) with medication-refractory depression underwent conventional open-label rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A secondary cohort (Michigan, n = 16) underwent 4 weeks of sham followed by open-label rTMS for nonresponders (n = 12). In each patient, the location of the stimulation site was recorded with frameless stereotaxy. Connectivity between each patient's stimulation site and the subgenual cingulate was assessed using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging from a cohort of healthy subjects (n = 1000) and confirmed using connectivity from patients with depression (n = 38).
resultsIn our primary cohort, antidepressant efficacy was predicted by stimulation sites that were both more anterolateral (r = .51, p < .01) and more negatively correlated with the subgenual cingulate (r = -.55, p < .005). However, subgenual connectivity was the only independent predictor of response and the only factor to predict response to active (r = -.52, p < .05) but not sham rTMS in our secondary cohort.
conclusionsThis study provides prospective validation that functional connectivity between an individual's rTMS cortical target and the subgenual cingulate predicts antidepressant response. Implications for improving the cortical rTMS target for depression are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.