ArticleNeurobiology of disease2018
Retinoic acid synthesis by NG2 expressing cells promotes a permissive environment for axonal outgrowth.
Article in Neurobiology of disease, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase 1 safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic results of KCL-286, a novel retinoic acid receptor-β agonist for treatment of spinal cord injury, in male healthy participants.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Repairing spinal cord injuries: The most promising polymeric biomaterials and local drug delivery.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Emerging strategies for spinal cord injury repair: stem cells, extracellular vesicles, biomaterials, and neuromodulation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Treatment of spinal cord injury, by restoration of neuronal networks using a combination of surgery and KCL-286, an orally available retinoic acid receptor β drug.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- Cingulate retinoic acid signaling regulates neuropathic pain and comorbid anxiodepression via extracellular matrix homeostasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Intrinsic retinoic acid synthesis is required for oligodendrocyte progenitor expansion during CNS remyelination.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Synergic effects of core-shell nanospheres and magnetic field for sciatic nerve regeneration in decellularized artery conduits with Schwann cells.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Exosomes: new targets for understanding axon guidance in the developing central nervous system.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Non-canonical retinoid signaling in neural development, regeneration and synaptic function.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Effect of vitamin A on recovery from the acute phase of multiple sclerosis-related optic neuritis, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2023Article
- Exosomes-based therapy of stroke, an emerging approach toward recovery.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
- Article
- Synthetic Retinoids Beyond Cancer Therapy.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2022Review
- Potential of different cells-derived exosomal microRNA cargos for treating spinal cord injury.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2021Review
- Dorsal Root Injury-A Model for Exploring Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury.Cells · 2021Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in neural cell interaction and CNS homeostasis.FASEB bioAdvances · 2021Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Frontier in Spinal Cord Injury Pathobiology and Therapy.Trends in neurosciences · 2021Review
- Retinoic acid increases phagocytosis of myelin by macrophages.Journal of cellular physiology · 2021Article
- Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Cells · 2021Review
- Recent advances in the design of RAR α and RAR β agonists as orally bioavailable drugs. A review.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Stimulation of retinoic acid (RA) mediated signalling pathways following neural injury leads to regeneration in the adult nervous system and numerous studies have shown that the specific activation of the retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) is required for this process. Here we identify a novel mechanism by which neuronal RARβ activation results in the endogenous synthesis of RA which is released in association with exosomes and acts as a positive cue to axonal/neurite outgrowth. Using an established rodent model of RARβ induced axonal regeneration, we show that neuronal RARβ activation upregulates the enzymes involved in RA synthesis in a cell specific manner; alcohol dehydrogenase7 (ADH7) in neurons and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2) in NG2 expressing cells (NG2+ cells). These release RA in association with exosomes providing a permissive substrate to neurite outgrowth. Conversely, deletion of Raldh2 in the NG2+ cells in our in vivo regeneration model is sufficient to compromise axonal outgrowth. This hitherto unidentified RA paracrine signalling is required for axonal/neurite outgrowth and is initiated by the activation of neuronal RARβ signalling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.