ReviewAnesthesiology2018
Exposure of Developing Brain to General Anesthesia: What Is the Animal Evidence?
Review in Anesthesiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03787849 (Investigation of the DNA Methylation Profile in Children Who Presented Emergence Delirium), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of the DNA Methylation Profile in Children Who Presented Emergence Delirium
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized controlled trial of low vs high oxygen during neonatal anesthesia: Oxygenation, feasibility, and oxidative stress.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2022Trial
- EEG Dynamics in Children Before, During and After General Anesthesia.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2026Observational
- Can intraoperative electroencephalogram finally prevent emergence delirium in children?Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Anesthesia and mitochondria: balancing toxicity and protection through emerging therapeutic strategies.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Review
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- Article
- EEG-Guided Titration of Sevoflurane and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- Improved Tubeless Airway Management in JORRP Surgery: Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-THRIVE Implementation.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Article
- The Relationship between Early Exposure to General Anesthesia and Neurobehavioral Deficits.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Review
- Ganglioside GM1 Alleviates Propofol-Induced Pyroptosis in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Cascade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association between general anesthesia in early childhood and neurodevelopment up to 4 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Journal of anesthesia · 2024Article
- Needle in a haystack: localising the long-term neuronal changes from early-life exposure to general anaesthesia.British journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- Anesthesia and Sedation Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Undergoing Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Anesthesiology · 2023Observational
- Neurobehavioral effects of general anesthesia and cochlear implantation on hearing-impaired infants: A prospective observational cohort study.Brain and behavior · 2023Observational
- The persistent effects of anaesthesia on the brain.BJA education · 2023Review
- First anesthesia exposure effects on short-term neurocognitive function among 1- to 36-month-old children: a case-control pilot study.Translational pediatrics · 2023Article
- Repeated early-life exposure to anaesthesia and surgery causes subsequent anxiety-like behaviour and gut microbiota dysbiosis in juvenile rats.British journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- The effects of general anesthetics on mitochondrial structure and function in the developing brain.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Effects of on-Table Extubation after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
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1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an official warning to all practicing physicians regarding potentially detrimental behavioral and cognitive sequelae of an early exposure to general anesthesia during in utero and in early postnatal life. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration concern is focused on children younger than three years of age who are exposed to clinically used general anesthetics and sedatives for three hours or longer. Although human evidence is limited and controversial, a large body of scientific evidence gathered from several mammalian species demonstrates that there is a potential foundation for concern. Considering this new development in public awareness, this review focuses on nonhuman primates because their brain development is the closest to humans in terms of not only timing and duration, but in terms of complexity as well. The review compares those primate findings to previously published work done with rodents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.