ReviewThe World Allergy Organization journal2017
Lactose intolerance and gastrointestinal cow's milk allergy in infants and children - common misconceptions revisited.
Review in The World Allergy Organization journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Prevention of Allergic Sensitization and Treatment of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Early Life: The Middle-East Step-Down Consensus.Nutrients · 2019Guideline
- Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Mortality: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- [Efficacy and safety of lactase additive in preterm infants with lactose intolerance: a prospective randomized controlled trial].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Confirmed Hypoallergenicity of a Novel Whey-Based Extensively Hydrolyzed Infant Formula Containing Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Associations of Colic and Excessive Crying in Infancy with Food Allergy Outcomes in Childhood and Adolescence.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Nutrient exploration and heavy metal risk assessment of baby milk and infant formulae sold within Umuahia metropolis, Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- PPAR-γ Activation Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction and Lactose Malabsorption in Experimental Food Allergy Rats.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and metabolic insights into secondary lactose intolerance in infants via fecal lactose quantification and gut microbiome profiling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Complementary Feeding Frequency and Maternal Health: Reducing Anxiety and Improving Sleep Through Biobehavioral Pathways.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Article
- Rat models of lactose intolerance: sexually dimorphic comorbidities with neuropsychiatric disorders modulated by tryptophan hydroxylase and the dopaminergic system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- The hidden price of food allergy: Understanding the social and financial burdens on families.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Review
- Factors Associated with Anthropometry Z-Scores in Exclusively Breastfed Infants Aged 0-6 Months in 10 Cities of China.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Term infant formula macronutrient composition: An update for clinicians.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Review
- Transcriptome-Wide Insights: Neonatal Lactose Intolerance Promotes Telomere Damage, Senescence, and Cardiomyopathy in Adult Rat Heart.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- MaternalComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Glycosyltransferases: glycoengineers in human milk oligosaccharide synthesis and manufacturing.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Understanding the burden of food allergy among urban and rural school children from north India.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lactose is the main carbohydrate in human and mammalian milk. Lactose requires enzymatic hydrolysis by lactase into D-glucose and D-galactose before it can be absorbed. Term infants express sufficient lactase to digest about one liter of breast milk daily. Physiological lactose malabsorption in infancy confers beneficial prebiotic effects, including the establishment of Bifidobacterium-rich fecal microbiota. In many populations, lactase levels decline after weaning (lactase non-persistence; LNP). LNP affects about 70% of the world's population and is the physiological basis for primary lactose intolerance (LI). Persistence of lactase beyond infancy is linked to several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the lactase gene promoter region on chromosome 2. Primary LI generally does not manifest clinically before 5 years of age. LI in young children is typically caused by underlying gut conditions, such as viral gastroenteritis, giardiasis, cow's milk enteropathy, celiac disease or Crohn's disease. Therefore, LI in childhood is mostly transient and improves with resolution of the underlying pathology. There is ongoing confusion between LI and cow's milk allergy (CMA) which still leads to misdiagnosis and inappropriate dietary management. In addition, perceived LI may cause unnecessary milk restriction and adverse nutritional outcomes. The treatment of LI involves the reduction, but not complete elimination, of lactose-containing foods. By contrast, breastfed infants with suspected CMA should undergo a trial of a strict cow's milk protein-free maternal elimination diet. If the infant is not breastfed, an extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formula and strict cow's milk avoidance are the standard treatment for CMA. The majority of infants with CMA can tolerate lactose, except when an enteropathy with secondary lactase deficiency is present.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.