ArticleFrontiers in immunology2017
Loss of Sympathetic Nerves in Spleens from Patients with End Stage Sepsis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- CNS-Spleen Axis - a Close Interplay in Mediating Inflammatory Responses in Burn Patients and a Key to Novel Burn Therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Neuroimmune interactions in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Review
- Sympathetic innervation of human cervical lymph nodes: A potential neuroimmunomodulatory target for the treatment of T-cell-driven autoimmune diseases like MS?Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Recent advances in the role of neuroregulation in skin wound healing.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- Measuring neuron-regulated immune cell physiology via the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in an ex vivo murine spleen model.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Article
- 3D anatomy of autonomic innervations in immune organs of a non-human primate and the human.Fundamental research · 2023Article
- Sympathetic System in Wound Healing: Multistage Control in Normal and Diabetic Skin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Bidirectional crosstalk between the peripheral nervous system and lymphoid tissues/organs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Sympathetic innervation of human and porcine spleens: implications for between species variation in function.Bioelectronic medicine · 2022Article
- Neural control of the spleen as an effector of immune responses to inflammation: mechanisms and treatments.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2022Review
- In vivo vesicular acetylcholine transporter density in human peripheral organs: an [EJNMMI research · 2022Article
- The parasympathetic innervation of the spleen: are we chasing a ghost?Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- Neural control of immune cell trafficking.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Review
- A comparative anatomical and histological study on the presence of an apical splenic nerve in mice and humans.Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- Association Among the Gut Microbiome, the Serum Metabolomic Profile and RNA mFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- The carotid body: A novel key player in neuroimmune interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Neuro-Inflammatory Response and Brain-Peripheral Crosstalk in Sepsis and Stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Peripheral neuroimmune interactions: selected review and some clinical implications.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2021Review
- Sympathetic nerve distribution in human lymph nodes.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Human-relevant near-organ neuromodulation of the immune system via the splenic nerve.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The spleen is an important site for central regulation of immune function by noradrenergic sympathetic nerves, but little is known about this major region of neuroimmune communication in humans. Experimental studies using animal models have established that sympathetic innervation of the spleen is essential for cholinergic anti-inflammatory responses evoked by vagal nerve stimulation, and clinical studies are evaluating this approach for treating inflammatory diseases. Most data on sympathetic nerves in spleen derive from rodent studies, and this work has established that remodeling of sympathetic innervation can occur during inflammation. However, little is known about the effects of sepsis on spleen innervation. Our primary goals were to (i) localize noradrenergic nerves in human spleen by immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a specific noradrenergic marker, (ii) determine if nerves occur in close apposition to leukocytes, and (iii) determine if splenic sympathetic innervation is altered in patients who died from end stage sepsis. Staining for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was done to screen for cholinergic nerves. Archived paraffin tissue blocks were used. Control samples were obtained from trauma patients or patients who died after hemorrhagic stroke. TH + nerves were associated with arteries and arterioles in all control spleens, occurring in bundles or as nerve fibers. Individual TH + nerve fibers entered the perivascular region where some appeared in close apposition to leukocytes. In marked contrast, spleens from half of the septic patients lacked TH + nerves fibers and the average abundance of TH + nerves for the septic group was only 16% of that for the control group (control: 0.272 ± 0.060% area,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.