Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29269511›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2018

Validation of Risk Equations for Complications of Type 2 Diabetes (RECODe) Using Individual Participant Data From Diverse Longitudinal Cohorts in the U.S.

Sanjay Basu, Jeremy B Sussman, Seth A Berkowitz, Rodney A Hayward, Alain G Bertoni, Adolfo Correa, Stanford Mwasongwe, John S Yudkin

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Prognostic models for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: Systematic review.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026
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  19. Using QALYs as an Outcome for Assessing Global Prediction Accuracy in Diabetes Simulation Models.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sanjay BasuCenter for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Center for Population Health Sciences, Departments of Medicine and Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA basus@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-0599-6332
Jeremy B SussmanDivision of General Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Seth A BerkowitzDivision of General Internal Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Rodney A HaywardDivision of General Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Alain G BertoniDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Adolfo CorreaDepartments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS.
Stanford MwasongweSchool of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS.
John S YudkinInstitute of Cardiovascular Science, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, U.K.

Funding

Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR001079 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2013 to 2017
$60.1M
Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001420 · NCATS · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ARD, JAMY D, FOLEY, KRISTIE L · 2015 to 2023
$32.3M
Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR000040 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI GINSBERG, HENRY N · 2012 to 2015
$26.2M
Trial of strategies to communicate genetic information to different ethnic and racial subpopulationsU54MD010724 · NIMHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MALDONADO, YVONNE A. · 2016 to 2021
$16.3M
Research BaseP30DK092926 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MARY ELLEN MICHELE HEISLER, ADESUWA B OLOMU · 2011 to 2026
$10.0M
Cohort filtering models to identify social program effects on health disparitiesDP2MD010478 · NIMHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BASU, SANJAY · 2015 to 2015
$2.4M
Cigarette Smoke and Susceptibility to Influenza InfectionR01HL095163 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI JASPERS, ILONA, NOAH, TERRY L · 2009 to 2013
$2.0M
Adjunctive Use of Apyrase to Fibrinolytic TherapyR44HL095169 · NHLBI · APT THERAPEUTICS, INC. · PI CHEN, RIDONG · 2012 to 2013
$1.3M
Understanding & Overcoming Food Insecurity in Diabetes PatientsK23DK109200 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BERKOWITZ, SETH A · 2016 to 2020
$973k
Targeted Analyses of Jackson Heart Study DataR01HL117285 · NHLBI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BERTONI, ALAIN GERALD · 2013 to 2016
$941k
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDYN01HC095166 · HC · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT &ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI TRACY, RUSSELL P · 1999 to 2001
$758k
SUBCLINICAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY-FIELD CENTERN01HC095162 · HC · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SZKLO, MOYSES A · 1999 to 2000
$694k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000040NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001079NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001420NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300046CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300047CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300048CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300049CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201300050CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500003CNHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201500003INHLBI NIH HHS K08 HL121056NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095159NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095160NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095161NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095162NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095163NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095164NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095165NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095166NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095167NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095168NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC095169NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL117285NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK109200NIDDK NIH HHS L30 DK103291NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092926NIMHD NIH HHS DP2 MD010478NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD010724
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe sought to validate Risk Equations for Complications of Type 2 Diabetes (RECODe) among diverse populations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe compared risk predictions from RECODe equations and from two alternative risk models (UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model 2 [UKPDS OM2] and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations) to observed outcomes in two studies: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA,

resultsRECODe equations for microvascular and cardiovascular outcomes had C-statistics for discrimination ranging from 0.71 to 0.85 in MESA and 0.64 to 0.91 in JHS for alternative outcomes. Calibration slopes in MESA ranged from 0.62 for a composite nephropathy outcome, 0.83-1.04 for individual nephropathy outcomes, 1.07 for retinopathy, 1.00-1.05 for cardiovascular outcomes, and 1.03 for all-cause mortality. Slopes in JHS ranged from 0.47 for retinopathy, 0.97-1.16 for nephropathy, 0.72-1.05 for cardiovascular outcomes, and 1.01 for all-cause mortality. The alternative models had C-statistics 0.50-0.72 and calibration slopes 0.07-0.60.

conclusionsRECODe equations improved risk estimation for diverse patients with type 2 diabetes, as compared with two commonly used alternatives.

Indexed as

AdultAlbuminuriaAtherosclerosisCholesterolCreatinineDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlomerular Filtration RateGlycated HemoglobinHumansIncidenceKidney Failure, ChronicLongitudinal StudiesMaleCholesterolCreatinineGlycated Hemoglobin

Identifiers

PMID29269511
PMCPMC5829967

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.