SynthesisPloS one2017
Clinical and economic impact of antibiotic resistance in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 330 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
330 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Economics of Antibiotic Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Global Research.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- Magnitude of Health Care Associated Infections and its Clinical Predictors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions to reduce non-prescription antimicrobial sales in community pharmacies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production and antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae causing clinical infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2012-2020).European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Surveillance of antimicrobial utilization in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prescription rates, indications, and quality of use from point prevalence surveys.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Pooled it
- Point prevalence of evidence-based antimicrobial use among hospitalized patients in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus aminoglycoside-resistant isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance profile ofFrontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Pattern of antimicrobial prescription in Africa: a systematic review of point prevalence surveys.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Global and regional estimates of clinical and economic burden of low back pain in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Economic evaluation of antimicrobial stewardship programme in primary care in Kosovo: study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Multiplex RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a Assay for Rapid Detection of Class D OXA-Type Carbapenem-ResistantBiosensors · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Antimicrobial Envelopes in Preventing Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Korean circulation journal · 2026Article
- Preliminary Single-Center Evaluation of the Alifax Molecular Mouse Sepsis Panel for Rapid Detection of Bloodstream Pathogens.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antiadhesive and antibiofilm potential of Bacillus clausii derived biosurfactant against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans biofilms.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated with bacteremia caused by intrinsically colistin-resistant gram-negative microorganisms: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Bacterial Pathogens: Resistance Patterns, Zoonotic Risks and One Health Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Combating Antibacterial Resistance: The Integrative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Bio-Based Product Development.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
270 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDespite evidence of the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant infections in developing countries, studies on the clinical and economic impact of antibiotic resistance (ABR) to inform interventions to contain its emergence and spread are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the published literature on the clinical and economic implications of ABR in developing countries.
methodsA systematic search was carried out in Medline via PubMed and Web of Sciences and included studies published from January 01, 2000 to December 09, 2016. All papers were considered and a quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS).
resultsOf 27 033 papers identified, 40 studies met the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and were finally included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Mortality was associated with resistant bacteria, and statistical significance was evident with an odds ratio (OR) 2.828 (95%CI, 2.231-3.584; p = 0.000). ESKAPE pathogens was associated with the highest risk of mortality and with high statistical significance (OR 3.217; 95%CIs; 2.395-4.321; p = 0.001). Eight studies showed that ABR, and especially antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE bacteria significantly increased health care costs.
conclusionABR is associated with a high mortality risk and increased economic costs with ESKAPE pathogens implicated as the main cause of increased mortality. Patients with non-communicable disease co-morbidities were identified as high-risk populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.