ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2017
Serum Testosterone Concentrations Remain Stable Between Injections in Patients Receiving Subcutaneous Testosterone.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Androgen Effects on the Reproductive Neuroendocrine Axis
Androgen Effects on the Reproductive Neuroendocrine Axis, 2025 Version
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of transgender male rodent model methodology.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Testosterone Therapy With Subcutaneous Injections: A Safe, Practical, and Reasonable Option.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Pooled it
- Risk of complications after total hip arthroplasty in patients on testosterone replacement therapy.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Article
- Sex Hormones Attenuate Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Nucleus Pulposus and Annulus Fibrosus Cells in a Cell-Type Specific Manner.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Testosterone and Obesity in an Aging Society.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Review
- The Utility of Serum Free Testosterone Concentrations in Monitoring Gender-Affirming Testosterone Therapy in Transmasculine Youth with Obesity.Transgender health · 2025Article
- The world's first anabolic-androgenic steroid testing trial: A two-phase pilot combining chemical analysis, results dissemination and community feedback.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Androgen Inhibition of Reproductive Neuroendocrine Function in Females and Transgender Males.Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Recruiting transgender men in the Southeastern United States for genital microbiome research: Lessons learned.PloS one · 2024Article
- Navigating Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Primary Care Concerns Specific to the Transgender and Gender-Nonbinary Population.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Men.Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Subcutaneous Testosterone Is Effective and Safe as Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transmasculine and Gender-Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults: A Single Center's 8-Year Experience.Transgender health · 2021Article
- Effect of the spatial-temporal specific theca cell Cyp17 overexpression on the reproductive phenotype of the novel TC17 mouse.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Medical transition for gender diverse patients.Current obstetrics and gynecology reports · 2020Article
- Androgen Suppresses In Vivo and In Vitro LH Pulse Secretion and Neural Kiss1 and Tac2 Gene Expression in Female Mice.Endocrinology · 2020Article
- Gender affirming medical care of transgender youth.Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIntramuscular (IM) testosterone is the most common modality for testosterone therapy of both male hypogonadism and female-to-male (FTM) gender transition. However, IM injections can be painful and often are not self-administered by the patient. The objective of this study was to further characterize subcutaneous (SC) administration of testosterone as an effective and safe alternative to IM injections by evaluating the pharmacodynamics of serum total and free testosterone concentrations between weekly testosterone injections.
methodsEleven FTM transgender patients already receiving weekly SC testosterone cypionate with documented therapeutic levels prior to enrollment had free and total serum testosterone levels measured at eight different time points during a 1-week dosing interval.
resultsMean levels of total and free testosterone were stable and remained well within the normal range between injections. Overall mean ± standard deviation levels for the seven samples taken between injections were 627 ± 206 ng/dL (range, 205 to 1410) for total testosterone and 146 ± 51 pg/mL (range, 38 to 348) for free testosterone. No adverse effects were encountered.
conclusionsThe results of this study support use of SC testosterone to achieve therapeutic and stable serum testosterone levels for the purpose of gender transition. It is anticipated that these results can be extended to hypogonadal men. This route may be preferred over IM testosterone because it is relatively painless and easy to self-inject thus allowing for the convenience and economy of patient self-administration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.