ArticleBMC infectious diseases2017
Etiologic spectrum and occurrence of coinfections in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aetiology of childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries in the era of vaccination: a systematic review.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Changes in the pathogenic characteristics of hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in Changzhou, China, 2018-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Network analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and Epstein-Barr virus co-infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and clinical impact of pediatric RSV co-infections after the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Analysis of common respiratory pathogens in children aged 0-5 years with community-acquired pneumonia.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of a Concurrent Respiratory Virus Infection on the Clinical Presentation and Response to Initial Treatment of Kawasaki Disease: A Single-Center Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Brazilian children: Interplay with viral co-infection.PloS one · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infections among Pediatric Patients in Hainan Island, China, 2021-2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evaluating the role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in pediatric patients with concurrentWorld journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of a pathogenic bacterium candidate in nasal discharge from children.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Comparison of Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Culture for Targeting Pathogens in Pediatric Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Impact of the Omicron Strain on Febrile Convulsions Requiring Hospitalization in Children: A Single-Center Observational Study.Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- Utility of Rapid Nasopharyngeal Swab for Respiratory Pathogens in the Diagnosis of Viral Infections in Children Hospitalized with Fever: A Prospective Validation Study to Improve Antibiotic Use.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Enhancing pathogen description and antibiotic regimen selection in community-acquired pneumonia through RT-qPCR assays.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Screening and verification of differentially expressed serum proteins in children with severe adenovirus pneumonia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Adenovirus andFrontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Severe RSV Infection in Infants: What Is the Role of Viral Co-Infections?Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Prevalence of respiratory pathogens and risk of developing pneumonia under non-pharmaceutical interventions in Suzhou, China.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Analysis of national surveillance of respiratory pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCo-infections are common in childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, their etiological pattern and clinical impact remains inconclusive.
methodsEight hundred forty-six consecutive children with CAP were evaluated prospectively for the presence of viral and bacterial pathogens. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were examined by direct immunofluorescence assay or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viruses. PCR of nasopharyngeal aspirates and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect M. pneumoniae. Bacteria was detected in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage specimen, or pleural fluid by culture.
resultsCausative pathogen was identified in 70.1% (593 of 846) of the patients. The most commonly detected pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (22.9%), human rhinovirus (HRV) (22.1%), M. pneumoniae (15.8%). Coinfection was identified in 34.6% (293 of 846) of the patients. The majority of these (209 [71.3%] of 293) were mixed viral-bacterial infections. Age < 6 months (odds ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-3.3) and admission of PICU (odds ratio: 12.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.6-97.4) were associated with mix infection. Patients with mix infection had a higher rate of PICU admission.
conclusionsThe high mix infection burden in childhood CAP underscores a need for the enhancement of sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid diagnostics to accurately identify pneumonia pathogens.
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