ArticleAlzheimer disease and associated disorders
Diabetic Retinopathy and Dementia in Type 1 Diabetes.
Article in Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic retinopathy and the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Frequency of coexistent eye diseases and cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Diabetic retinopathy and cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta diabetologica · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical modifiers of the association between type 1 diabetes and dementia incidence.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Type 1 diabetes is associated with higher plasma levels of biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cognitive Dysfunction and Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights into Mechanisms, Models, and Therapeutics.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Cognitive Function Deficits Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Retinopathy: Volumetric Brain MR Imaging Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Self-reported Visual Difficulty, Age-related Eye Disease, and Neuropsychiatric Outcomes in Older Adults.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2025Article
- Increased incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Observational
- Assessing Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline Using Electronic Health Record Data: A Scoping Review.Research square · 2024Article
- Article
- Utility of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in middle to older aged adults with longstanding type 1 diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC study.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2024Article
- Barriers and Facilitators of Self-Management in Older People with Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review Focusing on Cognitive Impairment.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
- Diabetic Retinopathy Predicts Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Danish Registry-Based Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Retinal Thickness Associates with Cognition Dysfunction in Young Adult with Type 1 Diabetes in Taiwan.Journal of diabetes research · 2022Article
- Amino Acid Nanofibers Improve Glycemia and Confer Cognitive Therapeutic Efficacy to Bound Insulin.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Diabetes Self-Care in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: How Does Cognition Influence Self-Management.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2021Review
- The cognitive and psychological effects of living with type 1 diabetes: a narrative review.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRetinopathy impacts over one-third of those with diabetes mellitus and is associated with impaired cognitive performance and cerebrovascular lesions in middle-aged adults with type 1 diabetes. However, the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and risk of dementia in type 1 diabetes is unknown. We investigated the association between DR and incident dementia in a large, elderly population with type 1 diabetes.
methodsA cohort of 3742 patients with type 1 diabetes aged 50 years and above was followed from January 1, 1996 to September 30, 2015 for incident dementia. DR diagnoses were identified from electronic medical records. Age as timescale Cox proportional hazard models evaluated associations between time-updated DR and dementia risk. Models were adjusted for demographics, severe glycemic events, glycosylated hemoglobin, and vascular comorbidities.
resultsAmong 3742 patients with type 1 diabetes (47% female, 21% nonwhite), 182 (5%) were diagnosed with dementia during a mean follow-up of 6.2 years. No significant association was found between DR and incident dementia in the main analyses [adjusted Hazard Ratio=1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.54), nor among subgroup restricted to those aged 60 years and above or 70 years and above.
conclusionsDR was not associated with risk of dementia, suggesting that pathophysiological processes underlying dementia may be different in type 1 versus type 2 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.