ReviewInflammation and regeneration2016
GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.
Review in Inflammation and regeneration, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of recombinant human GM-CSF compared to placebo for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A Hereditary Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Caused by a Novel Hemizygous Variation of the CSF2RA Gene Case Report and Literature Review.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the GM-CSF histidine triad as a modulator of structure, molecular motion, and ligand binding.RSC chemical biology · 2026Article
- E. coli-expressed chicken IL-17A enhances respiratory innate immunity by inducing proinflammatory cytokines and interferons.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Tofacitinib repairs inflammation and mitochondrial dysregulation in GM-CSF-reprogrammed RA macrophages.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Identification of Treatment Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis Through Proteome-Scale Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Dual CD73/AFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Role of T cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Protective Effect of Low 2-O, 3-O Desulfated Heparin (ODSH) Against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Targeting the double-edged sword: cytokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Differential effects of immobilized CCL21 and ICAM1 on TILs with distinct expansion properties.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Pulmonary hypertension during high-dose GM-CSF therapy of autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.Pulmonary circulation · 2024Article
- A Versatile Intestine-on-Chip System for Deciphering the Immunopathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Treatment of Equine Tarsus Long Medial Collateral Ligament Desmitis with Allogenic Synovial Membrane Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Enhanced by Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium: Proof of Concept.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Allogenic Synovia-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Equine Tendinopathies and Desmopathies-Proof of Concept.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Up-Regulated Expression of ICAM1, MT1A, PTGS2, LCE3D, PPARD, and GM-CSF2 Following Solar Skincare Protection and Repair Strategies in a 3-Dimensional Reconstructed Human Skin Model.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
- Copy number variant-based genome wide association study reveals immune-related genes associated with parasite resistance in a heritage sheep breed from the United States.Parasite immunology · 2022Article
- Mycobacterium intracellulare induces a Th17 immune response via M1-like macrophage polarization in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been known as a hematopoietic growth factor and immune modulator. Recent studies revealed that GM-CSF also had pro-inflammatory functions and contributed to the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in the development of Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases. GM-CSF inhibition in some animal models of autoimmune diseases showed significant beneficial effects. Therefore, several agents targeting GM-CSF are being developed and are expected to be a useful strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Particularly, in clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, GM-CSF inhibition showed rapid and significant efficacy with no serious side effects. This article summarizes recent findings of GM-CSF and information of clinical trials targeting GM-CSF in autoimmune diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.