ReviewReproductive medicine and biology2016
Management of non-obstructive azoospermia.
Review in Reproductive medicine and biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated Bergmann-Kliesch Score assessment in testicular biopsies using artificial intelligence-based whole-slide image analysis: a retrospective monocentric development and validation study.Basic and clinical andrology · 2026Article
- The Therapeutic Effects ofHealth science reports · 2026Article
- Can Hormonal Therapy Improve the Outcomes of mTESE in Patients With Non-Obstructive Azoospermia?Andrology · 2026Article
- Stratified profiling of azoospermia: Differentiating histological subtypes with seminal plasma metabolic signatures.Journal of biomedical research · 2026Article
- Innovative treatment approaches for azoospermia: causes, emerging techniques, and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Retrospective cohort study of intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes using testicularTranslational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Intracytoplasmic spermatid injection in non-obstructive azoospermia: a review of current evidence and future directions.Asian journal of andrology · 2026Review
- Shorter interval between consecutive testicular sperm aspirations and clinical pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective cohort study.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin treatment before microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective non-randomized series.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- A multi-mics exploration of programmed cell death in non-obstructive azoospermia: identifying TLR4 as a central regulator and therapeutic target.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Predictors of sperm retrieval success in first-time and repeated Micro-TESE for nonobstructive azoospermia.Future science OA · 2025Article
- Future prospects for the advancement of treatment of men with NOA: focus on gene editing, artificial sperm, stem cells, and use of imaging.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- A review of testicular histopathology in nonobstructive azoospermia.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Medical treatment prior to micro-TESE.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Testicular tissue bank: ten years of testicular tissue cryopreservation in Croatia.Croatian medical journal · 2025Article
- Human sperm RNA in male infertility.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Orchitis Research from 1980 to 2023.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Improving Fertility in Non-obstructive Azoospermia: Results from an Autologous Bone Mar-row-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Phase I Clinical Trial.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2024Article
- Molecular mechanisms of cellular dysfunction in testes from men with non-obstructive azoospermia.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is defined as no sperm in the ejaculate due to failure of spermatogenesis and is the most severe form of male infertility. The etiology of NOA is either intrinsic testicular impairment or inadequate gonadotropin production. Chromosomal or genetic abnormalities should be evaluated because there is a relatively high incidence compared with the normal population. Although rare, NOA due to inadequate gonadotropin production is a condition in which fertility can be improved by medical treatment. In contrast, there is no treatment that can restore spermatogenesis in the majority of NOA patients. Consequently, testicular extraction of sperm under an operating microscope (micro-TESE) has been the first-line treatment for these patients. Other treatment options include varicocelectomy for NOA patients with a palpable varicocele and orchidopexy if undescended testes are diagnosed after adulthood, although management of these patients remains controversial. Advances in retrieving spermatozoa more efficiently by micro-TESE have been made during the past decade. In addition, recent advances in biotechnology have raised the possibility of using germ cells produced from stem cells in the future. This review presents current knowledge about the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of NOA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.