ReviewReproductive medicine and biology2015
NK cell abnormality and its treatment in women with reproductive failures such as recurrent pregnancy loss, implantation failures, preeclampsia, and pelvic endometriosis.
Review in Reproductive medicine and biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03941470 (Assessment of Natural Killer Cells Activating and Inhibitors), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Assessment of Natural Killer Cells Activating and Inhibitors
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Mechanisms, Controversies, and Emerging Therapies.Biology · 2025Review
- NK cells: shielding senescence homeostasis in the decidua during early pregnancy.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- The Role of Vitamin D Metabolism-Related Genes in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Their Immune Microenvironmental Changes.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in recurrent pregnancy loss: a retrospective analysis of patients with abnormal cellular immunity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Inflammatory uterine microenvironment in long-term infertility repeat breeder cows compared with normal fertile cows.Veterinary and animal science · 2024Article
- Endometrial scratching and intralipid treatment-no general recommendations.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2024Article
- A Blinded Investigation: Accentuated NK Lymphocyte CD335 (NKp46) Expression Predicts Pregnancy Failures.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Endometrial Staining of CD56 (Uterine Natural Killer), BCL-6, and CD138 (Plasma Cells) Improve Diagnosis and Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes in Unexplained Infertility and Recurrent IVF Failures: Standardization of Diagnosis with Digital Pathology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Circulating CD56+ NKG2D+ NK cells and postoperative fertility in ovarian endometrioma.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Physiologic Events of Embryo Implantation and Decidualization in Human and Non-Human Primates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Endometrial Immune Dysfunction in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- The role of natural killer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma development and treatment: A narrative review.Translational oncology · 2019Review
- Interleukin-1/-33 Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets for Endometriosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The regulation of uterine and peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells has been associated with problems related to reproductive immunology such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), implantation failure or preeclampsia. NKp46, one of the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), is a unique marker that functions in NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Expression of NKp46 on NK cells is lower in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Moreover, expression of NKp46 on peritoneal fluid NK cells is lower in women with pelvic endometriosis. Therefore, evaluation of NKp46 on peripheral blood NK cells may provide a means of screening for reproductive abnormalities. Recently, a new type of NK cell, the NK22 cell, has been reported. This cell may be a regulator not only of the mucosal barrier but also of reproduction. For women with RPL showing abnormal uterine and/or peripheral blood NK cells, both intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and intralipid treatment have been reported. The effects of these treatments are still controversial, and further studies are needed in order to clarify their true impact. The present review examines variations in the expression of NCRs on NK cells, the participation of NK22 cells in reproduction, and the possible use of intravenous immunoglobulin or intralipid treatment for women with recurrent pregnancy loss and NK cell abnormality.
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