ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2017
Longevity of antibody and T-cell responses against outer membrane antigens of Orientia tsutsugamushi in scrub typhus patients.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal immune cell dynamics and heterogeneous trajectories in children with scrub typhus: a descriptive pilot study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- High levels of Interleukin - 13 in patients with scrub typhus correlate with disease severity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Differential spleen immune signatures and germinal center responses during acute infection withFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Persistence of scrub typhus IgM and IgG antibodies among patients from Karnataka, India.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Humoral Immune Response toZoonoses (Shannon, Ireland) · 2025Article
- A Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) forecasting model to predict the epidemic trends of scrub typhus in China.PloS one · 2025Article
- Circulating microRNAs as markers for scrub typhus-associated acute kidney injury.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- Concatenated ScaA and TSA56 Surface Antigen Sequences Reflect Genome-Scale Phylogeny ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Alterations in germinal center formation and B cell activation during severe Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Phylogenetic and immunological investigations of complete TSA56 ORF of Orientia tsutsugamushi present in acute encephalitis syndrome cases from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
- A whole blood intracellular cytokine assay optimised for field site studies demonstrates polyfunctionality of CD4+ T cells in acute scrub typhus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Orientia tsutsugamushi OtDUB Is Expressed and Interacts with Adaptor Protein Complexes during Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- The incidence ofEpidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi promoter activity.Pathogens and disease · 2021Article
- Intranasal Vaccination with Outer-Membrane Protein ofImmune network · 2021Article
- The neglected challenge: Vaccination against rickettsiae.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Scrub Typhus and the Misconception of Doxycycline Resistance.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Review
- Editorial: Strategies for Modulating T Cell Responses in Autoimmunity and Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection or Mixed Infection with Scrub Typhus in South Korea in 2000-2003.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus and Rickettsial Infections in Cambodian Children.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi infection, has been a serious public health issue in the Asia-Pacific region, with rising incidence and sporadic outbreaks. However, human protective immunity against specific antigens has been poorly characterized for this bacterium. In addition, immunity produced in early vaccine trials or even after natural infections, did not last long and had poor cross-reactivity among various genotypes. Here, we systematically investigated the kinetics and magnitude of specific adaptive immunity against two membrane antigens, 56 kDa type-specific antigen (TSA56) and surface cell antigen A (ScaA), that are involved in bacterial adhesion and invasion of the host in 64 recovered scrub typhus patients. Antibody responses to the bacterial antigens in patients were generally short-lived and waned to baseline levels 2 years after recovery. The anti-TSA56 IgG responses were predominantly composed of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses and persisted for up to 1 year after recovery, whereas IgG specific to ScaA primarily consisted of more transient IgG1, with limited responses by other subclasses. Cellular immunity, including CD4 and CD8 T-cells specific to membrane antigens, also rapidly declined from 1 year after infection, as measured by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays and flow cytometry. The short longevity of antigen-specific adaptive immunity might be attributable to limited memory responses, as observed in earlier vaccine studies using whole bacterial antigens. Finally, we identified HLA-A*0201-restricted and highly conserved CD8 T-cell epitopes in the TSA56 antigen, which may be valuable tools for assessing cellular immunity against O. tsutsugamushi and developing an effective scrub typhus vaccine.
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