ArticleScientific reports2017
Cytokine profiling in healthy children shows association of age with cytokine concentrations.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Indeterminate Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Coordination of inflammatory responses in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Complex biological patterns of soluble cytokines and CD163 in childhood necessitating age-specific reference intervals for evidence-based clinical interpretation.Clinical biochemistry · 2021Trial
- Myeloid Cell Function and Cytokine Profiles in Paediatric Haemophilia A: Insights From FVIII and Emicizumab Prophylaxis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Sleep and Cytokines: A Bidirectional Dialogue Involving Rest and Immunity.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Persistent neuroimmune alterations in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected at age 6-7 years: Associations with language development in a South African birth cohort.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Adrenarche as a regulator of sensitivity to early adversity.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Association of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-α With Severe Pediatric COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.Biomarker insights · 2026Article
- Positivity rate of QuantiFERON-TB Gold PlusSAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Profiling of Cytokines and Growth Factors: Pathogenic Roles and Clinical Applications in Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Atopic dermatitis and prematurity - a prospective study with analysis of the cytokine profile and thymus growth: a preliminary report.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2025Article
- A Theoretical Link Between the GH/IGF-1 Axis and Cytokine Family in Children: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative analysis of salivary cytokine profiles in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with cancer and healthy children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Kinetics and Durability of Antibody and T-Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Children.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Neuroinflammatory markers at school age in preterm born children with neurodevelopmental impairments.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Temporal changes in brain morphology related to inflammation and schizophrenia: an omnigenic Mendelian randomization study.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Prodromic Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress in Peritoneal Leukocytes of Triple-Transgenic Mice for Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Development of a predictive algorithm for patient survival after traumatic injury using a five analyte blood panel.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of extremely preterm birth on cytokine and chemokine responses induced by T-cell activation during infancy.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Effective early antiretroviral therapy in perinatal-HIV infection reduces subsequent plasma inflammatory profile.Pediatric research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokine-based diagnostic assays are increasingly used in research and clinical practice. Assays developed for adults such as the interferon-gamma release assay for tuberculosis show inferior performance in children. Limited evidence suggests that release of cytokines is influenced by age but normal ranges of cytokines in children are lacking. Whole blood of healthy children (0-12 years) undergoing elective/diagnostic procedures was stimulated with SEB, PHA, Candida albicans for 24 hours or left unstimulated. Concentrations of eight cytokines were measured by multiplex bead-based immunoassays and associations with age and other factors quantified by regression analysis. 271 children (median age 5.2 years) were included. In unstimulated samples IL-1ra, IP-10 and TNF-α concentrations decreased by up to -60% with age. Following antigen stimulation, an age-associated increase (ranging from +90% to +500%) was observed for all cytokines except IL-1ra (significant for IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α). Inter-individual variability in cytokine concentrations was large with a coefficient of variation ranging from 42% to 1412%. Despite inter-individual variation age was identified as a strong influencing factor of cytokine concentrations. Age-specific normal values need to be considered for cytokine-based diagnostic purposes. These results are relevant for development of novel cytokine-based diagnostic assays and for optimal dosing of therapeutic agents targeting cytokines.
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Registered trials
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