ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2017
Epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in China, 2008 to 2015 prior to the introduction of EV-A71 vaccine.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis of Influencing Factors for Reinfection of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China, Based on Adjusted Effect Estimates.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A comparison of the test-negative and the matched case-control study designs for estimation of EV71 vaccine immunological surrogate endpoints from a randomized controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- An evaluation of a test-negative design for EV-71 vaccine from a randomized controlled trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- Estimating the Severity Profile of Enterovirus A71 Infections in Children: A Bayesian Synthesis Framework.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Dynamic changes of hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic crossing three periods in Jiangxi Province, China: a long-term epidemiology retrospective study from 2009 to 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of enterovirus A71 vaccine effectiveness against pediatric hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 virus in Tianjin, China, 2016-2023: A test-negative design case-control study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Antiviral candidates for enterovirus 71: targeting viral proteome and stage-specific lifecycle interventions.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Review
- The activation of complement C5a-C5aR1 axis in astrocytes facilitates the neuropathogenesis due to EV-A71 infection by upregulating CXCL1.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Genetic characterization of human enterovirus A71 genotypes C4 and B5 Circulating in Qingdao City, Shandong province, China, from 2023 to 2024.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccines against hand, foot, and mouth disease: A test-negative case-control study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Safety of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine administered concurrently with other vaccines among infants aged 6-11 months: An observational study using active surveillance.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Observational
- Influence of the Enterovirus 71 Vaccine and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in China Based on Counterfactual Models: Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Observational
- Effect of EV71 Vaccination on Transmission Dynamics of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and Its Epidemic Prevention Threshold.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of EV-A71 Vaccine and Its Impact on the Incidence of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- The key mechanisms of multi-system responses triggered by central nervous system damage in hand, foot, and mouth disease severity.Infectious medicine · 2024Review
- Tanomastat exerts multi-targeted inhibitory effects on viral capsid dissociation and RNA replication in human enteroviruses.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is usually caused by several serotypes from human enterovirus A species, including enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). Two inactivated monovalent EV-A71 vaccines have been recently licensed in China and monovalent CV-A16 vaccine and bivalent EV-A71 and CV-A16 vaccine are under development.
methodsUsing notifications from the national surveillance system, we describe the epidemiology and dynamics of HFMD in the country, before the introduction of EV-A71 vaccination, from 2008 through 2015.
resultsLaboratory-identified serotype categories, i.e. CV-A16, EV-A71 and other enteroviruses, circulated annually. EV-A71 remained the most virulent serotype and was the major serotype for fatal cases (range: 88.5-95.4%) and severe cases (range: 50.7-82.3%) across years. Except for 2013 and 2015, when other enteroviruses were more frequently found in mild HFMD (48.8% and 52.5%), EV-A71 was more frequently detected from mild cases in the rest of the years covered by the study (range: 39.4-52.6%). The incidence rates and severity risks of HFMD associated with all serotype categories were the highest for children aged 1 year and younger, and decreased with increasing age. DISCUSSION/
conclusionThis study provides baseline epidemiology for evaluation of vaccine impact and potential serotype replacement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.