ArticlePLoS biology2017
Challenges to studying the health effects of early life environmental chemical exposures on children's health.
Article in PLoS biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Associations between exposure to sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors and markers of thyroid function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Chemosphere · 2025Pooled it
- Private, public, and bottled drinking water: Shared contaminant-mixture exposures and effects challenge.Environment international · 2025Pooled it
- Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: an updated systematic review.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2021Pooled it
- Early-Life Exposure to Per- and Poly-Fluorinated Alkyl Substances and Growth, Adiposity, and Puberty in Children: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Early Life Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Nine European Population-Based Studies.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology With Environmental Exposures.Allergy · 2026Review
- Prenatal and early postnatal lead exposure and later adulthood BMI: The Saint Louis baby tooth - Later life health study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances during fetal development and risk of testicular germ cell cancer in adulthood.Environment international · 2025Article
- Content of selected heavy metals in the umbilical cord blood and anthropometric data of mothers and newborns in Poland: preliminary data.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Exposures and potential health implications of contaminant mixtures in linked source water, finished drinking water, and tapwater from public-supply drinking water systems in Minneapolis/St. Paul area, USA.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2023Article
- Juxtaposition of intensive agriculture, vulnerable aquifers, and mixed chemical/microbial exposures in private-well tapwater in northeast Iowa.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Prenatal Exposure to Nonpersistent Chemical Mixtures and Fetal Growth: A Population-Based Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Article
- REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: Pregnancy exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: implications for women's health.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2021Review
- Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol Mixtures during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: The MAKE Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Public and private tapwater: Comparative analysis of contaminant exposure and potential risk, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA.Environment international · 2021Article
- Effects of gestational exposures to chemical mixtures on birth weight using Bayesian factor analysis in the Health Outcome and Measures of Environment (HOME) Study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Chemical Exposure: European Citizens' Perspectives, Trust, and Concerns on Human Biomonitoring Initiatives, Information Needs, and Scientific Results.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Gestational and childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and cardiometabolic risk at age 12 years.Environment international · 2021Article
- Mixed organic and inorganic tapwater exposures and potential effects in greater Chicago area, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Epidemiological studies play an important role in quantifying how early life environmental chemical exposures influence the risk of childhood diseases. These studies face at least four major challenges that can produce noise when trying to identify signals of associations between chemical exposure and childhood health. Challenges include accurately estimating chemical exposure, confounding from causes of both exposure and disease, identifying periods of heightened vulnerability to chemical exposures, and determining the effects of chemical mixtures. We provide recommendations that will aid in identifying these signals with more precision.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.