Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29257133›Full record

ArticleScientific data2017

Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls.

Jason Flannick, Christian Fuchsberger, Anubha Mahajan, Tanya M Teslovich, Vineeta Agarwala, Kyle J Gaulton, Lizz Caulkins, Ryan Koesterer, Clement Ma, Loukas Moutsianas and 291 more

Erratum issuedAbstract readDataset
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Rare and Common Variants in GALNT3 May Affect Bone Mass Independently of Phosphate Metabolism.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2023
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Loss of Znt8 function in diabetes mellitus: risk or benefit?Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2021
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Polygenic inheritance, GWAS, polygenic risk scores, and the search for functional variants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

301 authors.

Jason FlannickDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Christian FuchsbergerDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Anubha MahajanWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Tanya M TeslovichDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Vineeta AgarwalaProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Kyle J GaultonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1318-7161
Lizz CaulkinsProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Ryan KoestererProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Clement MaDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Loukas MoutsianasWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Davis J McCarthyWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Manuel A RivasWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
John R B PerryWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Xueling SimDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Thomas W BlackwellDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Neil R RobertsonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
N William RaynerWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Pablo CingolaniSchool of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Adam E LockeDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6227-198X
Juan Fernandez TajesWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Heather M HighlandHuman Genetics Center, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Josee DupuisDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Peter S ChinesMedical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Cecilia M LindgrenProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Christopher HartlProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Anne U JacksonDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Han ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jeroen R HuygheDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Martijn van de BuntWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6744-6125
Richard D PearsonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Ashish KumarWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Martina Müller-NurasyidInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7898-2353
Niels GrarupThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5526-1070
Heather M StringhamDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2991-6392
Eric R GamazonDepartment of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4204-8734
Jaehoon LeeDepartment of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Yuhui ChenWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Robert A ScottMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jennifer E BelowHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Peng ChenSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Jinyan HuangDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Min Jin GoCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Michael L StitzelThe Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Dorota PaskoGenetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Stephen C J ParkerDepartments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Tibor V VargaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-2383-699X
Todd GreenProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Nicola L BeerOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4964-7150
Aaron G Day-WilliamsDepartment of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Teresa FerreiraWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Tasha FingerlinDepartment of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Momoko HorikoshiWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Cheng HuDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Iksoo HuhDepartment of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Mohammad Kamran IkramSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
Bong-Jo KimCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Yongkang KimDepartment of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Young Jin KimCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Min-Seok KwonInterdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Juyoung LeeCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Selyeong LeeDepartment of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Keng-Han LinDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Taylor J MaxwellHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Yoshihiko NagaiMcGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Xu WangSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Ryan P WelchDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6378-1295
Joon YoonInterdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-9509-119X
Weihua ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Nir BarzilaiDepartments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
Benjamin F VoightDepartment of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania-Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6205-9994
Bok-Ghee HanCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
Christopher P JenkinsonDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Teemu KuulasmaaFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Johanna KuusistoFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Alisa ManningProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Maggie C Y NgCenter for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Nicholette D PalmerCenter for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Beverley BalkauCentre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Inserm U1018, Villejuif, France.
Alena StančákováFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Hanna E AbboudDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Heiner BoeingGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
Vilmantas GiedraitisDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-3423-2021
Dorairaj PrabhakaranCentre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
Omri GottesmanThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
James ScottNational Heart and Lung Institute, Cardiovascular Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Jason CareyProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Phoenix KwanDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
George GrantProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Joshua D SmithDepartment of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Benjamin M NealeProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1513-6077
Shaun PurcellProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Adam S ButterworthDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Joanna M M HowsonDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Heung Man LeeDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Yingchang LuThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Soo-Heon KwakDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Wei ZhaoDepartment of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
John DaneshDepartment of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Vincent K L LamDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Kyong Soo ParkDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3597-342X
Danish SaleheenDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Wing Yee SoDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Claudia H T TamDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Uzma AfzalDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
David AguilarCardiovascular Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Rector AryaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Tin AungSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
Edmund ChanDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Carmen NavarroDepartment of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
Ching-Yu ChengSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Domenico PalliCancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5558-2437
Adolfo CorreaDepartment of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Joanne E CurranSouth Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA.
Dennis RybinDepartment of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Vidya S FarookDepartment of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Sharon P FowlerDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Barry I FreedmanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Michael GriswoldCenter of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Daniel Esten HaleDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Pamela J HicksCenter for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Chiea-Chuen KhorSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-1128-4729
Satish KumarSouth Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1969-4431
Benjamin LehneDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Dorothée ThuillierCNRS-UMR8199, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.
Wei Yen LimSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Jianjun LiuSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Marie LohDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Solomon K MusaniJackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Sobha PuppalaDepartment of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
William R ScottDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Loïc YengoCNRS-UMR8199, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.
Sian-Tsung TanDepartment of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK.
Herman A TaylorDepartment of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Farook ThameemDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Gregory WilsonCollege of Public Services, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Tien Yin WongSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
Pål Rasmus NjølstadKG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Jonathan C LevyOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Massimo ManginoDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2167-7470
Lori L BonnycastleMedical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Thomas SchwarzmayrInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
João FadistaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Gabriela L SurdulescuDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Christian HerderInstitute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2050-093X
Christopher J GrovesOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Thomas WielandInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Jette Bork-JensenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ivan BrandslundInstitute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Cramer ChristensenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
Heikki A KoistinenDepartment of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-7870-070X
Alex S F DoneyDivision of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Leena KinnunenDepartment of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Tõnu EskoProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Andrew J FarmerNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Liisa HakasteAbdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Dylan HodgkissDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Jasmina KravicDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Valeri LyssenkoDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Mette HollenstedThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Marit E JørgensenSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
Torben JørgensenResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark.
Claes LadenvallDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Johanne Marie JustesenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-0484-8522
Annemari KäräjämäkiDepartment of Primary Health Care, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.
Jennifer KriebelGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4270-018X
Wolfgang RathmannGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Lars LannfeltDepartment of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Torsten LauritzenDepartment of Public Health, Section of General Practice, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Narisu NarisuMedical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Allan LinnebergResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup, Denmark.
Olle MelanderDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Lili MilaniEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0002-5323-3102
Matt NevilleOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Marju Orho-MelanderDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Lu QiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Qibin QiDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Michael RodenInstitute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Olov RolandssonDepartment of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Amy SwiftMedical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Anders H RosengrenDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.
Kathleen StirrupsDepartment of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Andrew R WoodGenetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Evelin MihailovEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Christine BlancherHigh Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Mauricio O CarneiroProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Jared MaguireProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Ryan PoplinProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Khalid ShakirProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Timothy FennellProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Mark DePristoProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Martin Hrabé de AngelisGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Panos DeloukasDepartment of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9251-070X
Anette P GjesingThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Goo JunDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Peter NilssonDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Jacquelyn MurphyProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Robert OnofrioProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Barbara ThorandGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Torben HansenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Christa MeisingerGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Frank B HuDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Bo IsomaaFolkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
Fredrik KarpeOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Liming LiangDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Annette PetersDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
Cornelia HuthGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Stephen P O'RahillyMetabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Colin N A PalmerPat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Oluf PedersenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rainer RauramaaFoundation for Research in Health, Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.
Jaakko TuomilehtoCenter for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-8306-6202
Veikko SalomaaNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Richard M WatanabeDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Ann-Christine SyvänenDepartment of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Richard N BergmanCedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Dwaipayan BharadwajFunctional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), New Delhi, India.
Erwin P BottingerThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
Yoon Shin ChoDepartment of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
Giriraj R ChandakCSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Juliana Cn ChanDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Kee Seng ChiaSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Mark J DalyAnalytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Shah B EbrahimCentre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
Claudia LangenbergMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Paul ElliottDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7511-5684
Kathleen A JablonskiThe Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Donna M LehmanDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Weiping JiaDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Ronald C W MaDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1227-803X
Toni I PollinDepartment of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, and Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Manjinder SandhuDepartment of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Nikhil TandonDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Philippe FroguelCNRS-UMR8199, Lille University, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France.ORCID 0000-0003-2972-0784
Inês BarrosoDepartment of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5800-4520
Yik Ying TeoSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Eleftheria ZegginiDepartment of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4238-659X
Ruth J F LoosThe Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8532-5087
Kerrin S SmallDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4566-0005
Janina S RiedInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Ralph A DeFronzoDepartment of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Harald GrallertGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Benjamin GlaserEndocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Nicholas J WarehamMRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Mark WalkerThe Medical School, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Eric BanksProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Christian GiegerInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Erik IngelssonWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hae Kyung ImDepartment of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0333-5685
Thomas IlligResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Paul W FranksDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Gemma BuckHigh Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Joseph TrakaloHigh Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
David BuckHigh Throughput Genomics, Oxford Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Inga ProkopenkoWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1624-7457
Reedik MägiEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Lars LindDepartment of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Yossi FarjounData Sciences and Data Engineering, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Katharine R OwenOxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anna L GloynWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1205-1844
Konstantin StrauchInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Tiinamaija TuomiAbdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Jaspal Singh KoonerDepartment of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, UK.
Jong-Young LeeCenter for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-0092-9958
Taesung ParkDepartment of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Peter DonnellyWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Andrew D MorrisClinical Research Centre, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Andrew T HattersleyUniversity of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Donald W BowdenCenter for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Francis S CollinsMedical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Gil AtzmonDepartments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
John C ChambersDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Timothy D SpectorDepartment of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
Markku LaaksoFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Tim M StromInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Graeme I BellDepartments of Medicine and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
John BlangeroSouth Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Regional Academic Health Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA.
Ravindranath DuggiralaDepartment of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
E Shyong TaiSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
Gilean McVeanWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Craig L HanisHuman Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
James G WilsonDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Mark SeielstadDepartment of Laboratory Medicine & Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5783-1401
Timothy M FraylingGenetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
James B MeigsGeneral Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nancy J CoxDepartment of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Rob SladekMcGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Eric S LanderBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Stacey GabrielProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Karen L MohlkeDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6721-153X
Thomas MeitingerInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Leif GroopDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-0187-3263
Goncalo AbecasisDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Laura J ScottDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Andrew P MorrisWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hyun Min KangDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
David AltshulerDepartment of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Noël P BurttProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Jose C FlorezProgram in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Michael BoehnkeDepartment of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Mark I McCarthyWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

Tracking and Evaluation CoreU54GM115428 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI LIRETTE, SETH · 2016 to 2025
$38.2M
Translational Research CoreP30DK020541 · NIDDK · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI STREAMSON C CHUA · 2015 to 2026
$27.7M
Regional Pilot And Feasibility Study Grants ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Mehboob A Hussain · 2013 to 2026
$24.3M
Pilot and Feasibility ProgramP30DK020595 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Matthew J Brady · 2013 to 2026
$20.9M
University of Michigan Training Program in Genomic ScienceT32HG000040 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Sebastian Zoellner · 1995 to 2026
$16.4M
Targeted Genetic Analysis of T2D and Quantitative TraitsR01DK072193 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN L. MOHLKE · 2005 to 2026
$11.3M
Einstein's Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in Basic Biology of AgingP30AG038072 · NIA · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, INC · PI CUERVO, ANA MARIA · 2010 to 2024
$10.8M
Cardiovascular Epidemiology Training GrantT32HL007055 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Wayne D. Rosamond · 1986 to 2026
$10.0M
Genetic epidemiology of rare and regulatory variants for metabolic traitsR01DK093757 · NIDDK · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN L. MOHLKE · 2011 to 2026
$8.2M
Discovery of Functional Variants in Type 2 Diabetes Genes in Mexican AmericansU01DK085524 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RIO GRANDE VALLEY · PI BLANGERO, JOHN, DEFRONZO, RALPH A · 2009 to 2019
$5.9M
Rare Sequence Variation and Diabetes Quantitative TraitsU01DK078616 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI MEIGS, JAMES B · 2015 to 2019
$3.6M
Human population based genetic studies to elucidate the biology of NAFLDR01DK107904 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SPELIOTES, ELIZABETH K · 2016 to 2020
$3.4M
British Heart Foundation RG/08/014/24067British Heart Foundation RG/14/5/30893Medical Research Council G0601261Medical Research Council G0601966Medical Research Council G0700931Medical Research Council MC_PC_13040Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/2Medical Research Council MR/K002414/1Medical Research Council MR/K007017/1Medical Research Council MR/L003120/1Medical Research Council MR/L01341X/1Medical Research Council MR/L01632X/1Medical Research Council MR/M501633/1Medical Research Council MR/M501633/2NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG000040NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007055NIA NIH HHS P30 AG038072NIDDK NIH HHS F32 DK079466NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK080140NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020595NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK072193NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK093757NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK101478NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK106236NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK107904NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK078616NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK085524NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115428NIH HHS S10 OD018522Wellcome Trust 200837/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-coding variants in the whole-genome sequenced individuals and 99.7% of low-frequency coding variants in the whole-exome sequenced individuals. Each variant was tested for association with T2D in the sequenced individuals, and, to increase power, most were tested in larger numbers of individuals (>80% of low-frequency coding variants in ~82 K Europeans via the exome chip, and ~90% of low-frequency non-coding variants in ~44 K Europeans via genotype imputation). The variants, genotypes, and association statistics from these analyses provide the largest reference to date of human genetic information relevant to T2D, for use in activities such as T2D-focused genotype imputation, functional characterization of variants or genes, and other novel analyses to detect associations between sequence variation and T2D.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansWhite People

Identifiers

PMID29257133
PMCPMC5735917

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