ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2017
Autoimmunity and primary immunodeficiency: two sides of the same coin?
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trans-eQTL mapping prioritises USP18 as a negative regulator of interferon response at a lupus risk locus.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of Ophthalmological Manifestations in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Predisposition to Lymphoid (B and T cell) Neoplasias in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies and Immune Dysregulatory Disorders (Inborn Errors of Immunity).Frontiers in immunology · 2019Pooled it
- Autoimmune Cytopenias and Dysregulated Immunophenotype Act as Warning Signs of Inborn Errors of Immunity: Results From a Prospective Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Intersection Between Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Primary Immunodeficiency and Cancer: a Field in its Infancy.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- The Intertwining Between Arthritis and Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Antigen Microarray Reveals Broad and Subclinical Autoimmunity in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical Factors Associated with Genetically Confirmed Inborn Errors of Immunity in Children Presenting with Immune Dysregulation.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Autoimmunity and inborn errors of immunity: a complex coexistence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Genes causative of primary immunodeficiency are risk factors for and are over-expressed in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- T follicular helper cells in primary immune regulatory disorders.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Development and internal validation of a prediction model for rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular probes for in vivo optical imaging of immune cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Clinical and Pathophysiological Tangles Between Allergy and Autoimmunity: Deconstructing an Old Dichotomic Paradigm.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Serologic IL-18 increase with B-cell IL-18R loss characterizes selective IgA deficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Primary immunodeficiency as a cause of immune-mediated kidney diseases.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Review
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: How Machine Learning Can Help Distinguish between Infections and Flares.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Editorial: Autoimmune diseases in childhood.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Unmasking inborn errors of immunity: identifying the red flags of immune dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmunity and immunodeficiency were previously considered to be mutually exclusive conditions; however, increased understanding of the complex immune regulatory and signalling mechanisms involved, coupled with the application of genetic analysis, is revealing the complex relationships between primary immunodeficiency syndromes and autoimmune diseases. Single-gene defects can cause rare diseases that predominantly present with autoimmune symptoms. Such genetic defects also predispose individuals to recurrent infections (a hallmark of immunodeficiency) and can cause primary immunodeficiencies, which can also lead to immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Moreover, risk factors for polygenic rheumatic diseases often exist in the same genes as the mutations that give rise to primary immunodeficiency syndromes. In this Review, various primary immunodeficiency syndromes are presented, along with their pathogenetic mechanisms and relationship to autoimmune diseases, in an effort to increase awareness of immunodeficiencies that occur concurrently with autoimmune diseases and to highlight the need to initiate appropriate genetic tests. The growing knowledge of various genetically determined pathologic mechanisms in patients with immunodeficiencies who have autoimmune symptoms opens up new avenues for personalized molecular therapies that could potentially treat immunodeficiency and autoimmunity at the same time, and that could be further explored in the context of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.