Trial reportNutrition & diabetes2017
Effects of meal timing on changes in circulating epinephrine, norepinephrine, and acylated ghrelin concentrations: a pilot study.
Trial report in Nutrition & diabetes, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of time-restricted feeding on body weight and metabolism. A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2020Pooled it
- A randomized crossover trial assessing time of day snack consumption and resulting postprandial glycemic response in a real-life setting among healthy adults.Chronobiology international · 2022Trial
- Altered Molecular Regulation of TUG Is a Central Feature of Insulin-Resistant Human Adipose Tissue.Diabetes · 2026Article
- Effects of Chrono-Exercise and Chrono-Nutrition on Muscle Health: Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms Activated by Timed Exercise and Consumption of Proteins and Carbohydrates.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- An Exploratory Study Investigating the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Collegiate Division I American Football Athletes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Circadian clock and temporal meal pattern.Medical review (2021) · 2023Review
- Resting Metabolic Rate in Women with Endocrine and Osteoporotic Disorders in Relation to Nutritional Status, Diet and 25(OH)D Concentration.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Engineering digital biomarkers of interstitial glucose from noninvasive smartwatches.NPJ digital medicine · 2021Article
- Association of Urine Metanephrine Levels with CardiometaBolic Risk: An Observational Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Susceptibility for Some Infectious Diseases in Patients With Diabetes: The Key Role of Glycemia.Frontiers in public health · 2021Review
- REM sleep loss-induced elevated noradrenaline could predispose an individual to psychosomatic disorders: a review focused on proposal for prediction, prevention, and personalized treatment.The EPMA journal · 2020Review
- Review
- Leptin mediates postprandial increases in body temperature through hypothalamus-adrenal medulla-adipose tissue crosstalk.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Chrononutrition and Polyphenols: Roles and Diseases.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Review
- The Cardiovascular Effects of a Meal: J-TJournal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTiming of food intake impacts on metabolic diseases. Few data are available about post-meal changes in epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and acylated ghrelin (AG) at different times of the day. SUBJECTS AND
methodsThis randomized cross-over trial investigated E/NE/AG concentrations after identical meals consumed at 0800 or 2000 hours in 20 healthy volunteers, by standardizing diet, exercise, duration of fast, and resting. Participants randomly received the test meal at 0800 or 2000 hours, and vice versa after 1 week. Blood samples were collected before and up to 180-min post-meal, every 30 min, with participants supine, motionless, but awake.
resultsMedian E levels increased at 30-60 min, then declined and rose again at 150 min; values at 60 min (19.0 vs. 15.0 ng/l, p = 0.03) and 180 min (25.0 vs. 11.0 ng/l, p < 0.001) were higher after the morning meals. NE rose at 30-60 min and then progressively declined; median values at 60 min (235.3 vs. 206.3 ng/l, p = 0.02) and 120 min (208.8 vs. 142.0 ng/l, p = 0.04) increased more after morning meals. AG progressively declined to increase again at 90 min after meal; median AG area-under-the-curve (AUC) values were lower at morning (7206.8 vs. 8828.3 pg/mL×h). AG-AUC was inversely associated with diet-induced thermogenesis (β = -121.6; 95% CI -201.0 to 42.2; p = 0.009 for each unit increase), while log NE-AUC was inversely associated with log-triglyceride AUC (β = -0.57; 95% CI -0.98 to 0.16; p = 0.015) in a multiple regression model, after multiple adjustments.
conclusionsIn conclusion, E/NE concentrations were higher after the morning meal, while AG showed an opposite behavior. These data, although requiring confirmation in larger samples, suggest an adjunctive possible mechanism explaining the unfavorable effects of evening eating on metabolic risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.