ArticleVaccine2018
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine: A global assessment of demand and supply balance.
Article in Vaccine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progress, impacts and lessons from market shaping in the past decade: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Cold war of strains: the 'Bulgarian' BCG vaccine between Paris, Copenhagen, and Moscow (1940s-1950s).Medical history · 2025Article
- Intravesical gemcitabine versus anthracyclines for primary and first recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-center retrospective study over 10 years.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Recombinant BCG Expressing IL-12 as A Novel Immunomodulatory Strategy for Allergic Asthma: Opportunities and Challenges.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- High-dose intravenous BCG vaccination induces enhanced immune signaling in the airways.Science advances · 2025Article
- Sex influences murine T cell responses to vaccination with BCG or BCG∆BCG1419 grown as biofilms.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Cancer vaccines: an update on recent achievements and prospects for cancer therapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Comparison Between Simple Batch and Fed-Batch Bioreactor Cultivation of Recombinant BCG.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Effects of non-tuberculous mycobacteria on BCG vaccine efficacy: A narrative review.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024Review
- Rifampicin adsorption and release study using Santa Barbara amorphous-16 modified Al (SBA-16-Al) for a drug delivery system.RSC advances · 2024Article
- A viral vaccine design harnessing prior BCG immunization confers protection against Ebola virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A secreted form of chorismate mutase (Rv1885c) in Mycobacterium bovis BCG contributes to pathogenesis by inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death of macrophages.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Article
- A Strep A vaccine global demand and return on investment forecast to inform industry research and development prioritization.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Evolution of theVaccine: X · 2023Article
- Article
- Gemcitabine as first-line therapy for high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: results from a tertiary center in the contemporary BCG-shortage era.Translational andrology and urology · 2023Article
- Delivery of spike-RBD by bacterial type three secretion system for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- What's Old and New in Tuberculosis Vaccines for Children.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2022Article
- Mouse Subcutaneous BCG Vaccination and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Alter the Lung and Gut Microbiota.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past decade, several countries across all regions, income groups and procurement methods have been unable to secure sufficient BCG vaccine supply. While the frequency of stock-outs has remained rather stable, duration increased in 2014-2015 due to manufacturing issues and attracted the attention of national, regional and global immunization stakeholders. This prompted an in-depth analysis of supply and demand dynamics aiming to characterize supply risks. This analysis is unique as it provides a global picture, where previous analyses have focused on a portion of the market procuring through UN entities. Through literature review, supplier interviews, appraisal of shortages, stock-outs and historical procurement data, and through demand forecasting, this analysis shows an important increase in global capacity in 2017: supply is sufficient to meet forecasted BCG vaccine demand and possibly buffer market shocks. Nevertheless, risks remain mainly due to supply concentration and limited investment in production process improvements, as well as inflexibility in demand. Identification of these market risks will allow implementation of risk-mitigating interventions in three areas: (1) enhancing information sharing between major global health actors, countries and suppliers, (2) identifying interests and incentives to expand product registration and investment in the BCG manufacturing process, and (3) working with countries for tighter vaccine management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.