ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2018
Metformin treatment prevents amyloid plaque deposition and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04841668 (Gut-Brain-axis), which is not on this map. Cited by 197 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gut-Brain-axis: Targets for Improvement of Cognition in the Elderly
Who cites it
197 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 355 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting cellular senescence with Traditional Chinese Medicine: advances in neurodegenerative disorder treatment.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment in adults with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Assessment of cognitive and neural recovery in survivors of pediatric brain tumors in a pilot clinical trial using metformin.Nature medicine · 2020Trial
- Neuromodulation techniques targeting neurotransmitter dysfunction: Innovation in treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Drug-Induced Reduction in 80Q Aggregates in aBiomedicines · 2026Article
- The mitophagy-inflammasome axis: a shared pathological hub in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Brain insulin resistance as a driver of proteinopathy in neurodegeneration: from cell-type-specific mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Discovery of Novel Synthetic Cyclohexene-Based Small Molecules Targeting Senescence against Age-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Exercise mimetics: molecular mechanisms, biological and therapeutic effects.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Chemical and Molecular Strategies in Restoring Autophagic Flux in TDP-43 Proteinopathy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Metformin and Sitagliptin Impact the Brain Kynurenine Pathway: Region-Specific Modulation of Neuroactive Metabolites in Non-Diabetic Male Rats.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A physics-informed graph neural network to approximate docking-based binding affinity for DYRK2 in Alzheimer's drug repurposing.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Insulin Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease: Association with Brain Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring Autophagy Inducing Molecules: Targeting Diverse Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Management.Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- Icaritin ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy impairment in cellular models of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Antidiabetic Agents as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multiple Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for the Involvement of AMPK in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Immunosenescence in aging and neurodegenerative diseases: evidence, key hallmarks, and therapeutic implications.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer'sdisease(AD) is characterized by deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ)plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, andneuronal loss, accompaniedbyneuroinflammation. Neuroinflammatoryprocesses are thought to contribute toAD pathophysiology. Metformin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory efficacy. However, whether metformin is responsible for the anti-neuroinflammationand neuroprotection on APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mice remains unclear. Here we showed that metformin attenuated spatial memory deficit, neuron loss in the hippocampus and enhanced neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, metformin administration decreased amyloid-β (Aβ)plaque load and chronic inflammation (activated microglia and astrocytes as well as pro-inflammatory mediators) in the hippocampus and cortex. Further study demonstrated that treatment with metformin enhanced cerebral AMPK activation. Meanwhile, metformin notably suppressed the activation of P65 NF-κB, mTOR and S6K, reduced Bace1 protein expression. Our data suggest that metformin can exert functional recovery of memory deficits and neuroprotective effect on APP/PS1 mice via triggering neurogenesis and anti-inflammation mediated by regulating AMPK/mTOR/S6K/Bace1 and AMPK/P65 NF-κB signaling pathways in the hippocampus, which may contribute to improvement in neurological deficits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.