ArticleEndocrinology2018
Addition of Estradiol to Cross-Sex Testosterone Therapy Reduces Atherosclerosis Plaque Formation in Female ApoE-/- Mice.
Article in Endocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of transgender male rodent model methodology.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Short and long duration testosterone treatments induce reversable subfertility in female mice using a gestational model of gender-affirming hormone therapy.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Reproductive Health in Trans and Gender Diverse Patients: Effects of transmasculine gender-affirming hormone therapy on future reproductive capacity: clinical data, animal models, and gaps in knowledge.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2024Review
- A Mouse Model to Investigate the Impact of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy with Estradiol on Reproduction.Advanced biology · 2024Article
- Androgen Inhibition of Reproductive Neuroendocrine Function in Females and Transgender Males.Endocrinology · 2024Review
- The Utility of Preclinical Models in Understanding the Bone Health of Transgender Individuals Undergoing Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Insights Into the Cardiomodulatory Effects of Sex Hormones: Implications in Transgender Care.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2023Review
- Centering the Needs of Transgender, Nonbinary, and Gender-Diverse Populations in Neuroendocrine Models of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Review
- Endometriosis promotes atherosclerosis in a murine model.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- Antiatherosclerotic effects of corilagin via suppression of the LOX-1/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.Journal of natural medicines · 2022Article
- Rodent Model of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies as Specific Tool for Identifying Susceptibility and Vulnerability of Transgender People and Future Applications for Risk Assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Impact of Exogenous Testosterone on Reproduction in Transgender Men.Endocrinology · 2020Review
- Compromised endothelial function in transgender men taking testosterone.Clinical endocrinology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The contributions of estradiol and testosterone to atherosclerotic lesion progression are not entirely understood. Cross-sex hormone therapy (XHT) for transgender individuals dramatically alters estrogen and testosterone levels and consequently could have widespread consequences for cardiovascular health. Yet, no preclinical research has assessed atherosclerosis risk after XHT. We examined the effects of testosterone XHT after ovariectomy on atherosclerosis plaque formation in female mice and evaluated whether adding low-dose estradiol to cross-sex testosterone treatments after ovariectomy reduced lesion formation. Six-week-old female ApoE-/- C57BL/6 mice underwent ovariectomy and began treatments with testosterone, estradiol, testosterone with low-dose estradiol, or vehicle alone until euthanized at 23 weeks of age. Atherosclerosis lesion progression was measured by Oil Red O stain and confirmed histologically. We found reduced atherosclerosis in the estradiol- and combined testosterone/estradiol-treated mice compared with those treated with testosterone or vehicle only in the whole aorta (-75%), aortic arch (-80%), and thoracic aorta (-80%). Plaque size was similarly reduced in the aortic sinus. These reductions in lesion size after combined testosterone/estradiol treatment were comparable to those obtained with estrogen alone. Testosterone/estradiol combined therapy resulted in less atherosclerosis plaque formation than either vehicle or testosterone alone after ovariectomy. Testosterone/estradiol therapy was comparable to estradiol replacement alone, whereas mice treated with testosterone only fared no better than untreated controls after ovariectomy. Adding low-dose estrogen to cross-sex testosterone therapy after oophorectomy could improve cardiovascular outcomes for transgender patients. Additionally, these results contribute to understanding of the effects of estrogen and testosterone on atherosclerosis progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.