ArticleInfection and immunity1989
Oral administration of a streptococcal antigen coupled to cholera toxin B subunit evokes strong antibody responses in salivary glands and extramucosal tissues.
Article in Infection and immunity, 1989. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral tolerization with peptide 336-351 linked to cholera toxin B subunit in preventing relapses of uveitis in Behcet's disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2004Trial
- Biochemical and immunological characterization of an ETEC CFA/I adhesin cholera toxin B subunit chimera.PloS one · 2020Article
- Hybrid flagellin as a T cell independent vaccine scaffold.BMC biotechnology · 2015Article
- Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis ghosts carrying the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit are capable of inducing enhanced protective immune responses.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Immunogenicity of a West Nile virus DIII-cholera toxin A2/B chimera after intranasal delivery.Toxins · 2014Article
- Identification and characterization of intestinal antigen-presenting cells involved in uptake and processing of a nontoxic recombinant chimeric mucosal immunogen based on cholera toxin using imaging flow cytometry.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Article
- Receptor Binding by Cholera Toxin B-Subunit and Amino Acid Modification Improves Minimal Peptide Immunogenicity.ISRN molecular biology · 2012Article
- Mucosal immunization with a Staphylococcus aureus IsdA-cholera toxin A2/B chimera induces antigen-specific Th2-type responses in mice.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Article
- Characterization of antigen-presenting cells induced by intragastric immunization with recombinant chimeric immunogens constructed from Streptococcus mutans AgI/II and type I or type II heat-labile enterotoxins.Molecular oral microbiology · 2011Article
- Cholera toxin: a paradigm of a multifunctional protein.The Indian journal of medical research · 2011Review
- Structure-guided design and immunological characterization of immunogens presenting the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop on a CTB scaffold.Virology · 2010Article
- Expression of cholera toxin B subunit in transgenic rice endosperm.Molecular biotechnology · 2008Article
- Induction and recall of immune memory by mucosal immunization with a non-toxic recombinant enterotoxin-based chimeric protein.Immunology · 2005Article
- Cholera toxin B-subunit gene enhances mucosal immunoglobulin A, Th1-type, and CD8+ cytotoxic responses when coadministered intradermally with a DNA vaccine.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2004Article
- Mucosal immunity: overcoming the barrier for induction of proximal responses.Immunologic research · 2004Review
- Cholera toxin and its B subunit promote dendritic cell vaccination with different influences on Th1 and Th2 development.Infection and immunity · 2003Article
- Immune responses to novel pneumococcal proteins pneumolysin, PspA, PsaA, and CbpA in adenoidal B cells from children.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Article
- Anti-class II monoclonal antibody-targeted Vibrio cholerae TcpA pilin: modulation of serologic response, epitope specificity, and isotype.Infection and immunity · 2001Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Generation of local and systemic immune responses by the oral administration of antigens is frequently inefficient, requiring large quantities of immunogens and yielding only modest antibody responses. In this study, we have demonstrated that oral administration of microgram amounts of Streptococcus mutans protein antigen I/II covalently coupled to the B subunit of cholera toxin elicits vigorous mucosal as well as extramucosal immunoglobulin A and G antistreptococcal antibody responses in mice. These responses were manifested by the presence of large numbers of antibody-secreting cells in salivary glands, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleens and by the development of high levels of circulating antibodies. This novel immunization strategy may find broad application in the construction of oral vaccines for the control of infectious diseases caused by pathogens encountered at mucosal and extramucosal sites.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.