Trial reportExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2017
Contingency management targeting abstinence is effective in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms among crack cocaine-dependent individuals.
Trial report in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the Treatments in Crack Use Disorder: A Systematic Review.European addiction research · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Contingency Management for Substance Use Disorders in Low and Middle Income Countries.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- "Guide them to have a future orientation": qualitative findings in developing a reinforcement-based intervention to address alcohol use with American Indian emerging adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Perceptions of Women About Their High Experience of Using Crack Cocaine.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2021Article
- Engagement in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Can Monetary Incentives Help?Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- The Role of Affect in Psychosocial Treatments for Substance Use Disorders.Current addiction reports · 2020Article
- Contingency management is effective in promoting abstinence and retention in treatment among crack cocaine users with a previous history of poor treatment response: a crossover trial.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2019Article
- Short and long-term improvements in psychiatric symptomatology to validate clinically meaningful treatment outcomes for cocaine use disorders.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- Crack cocaine users views regarding treatment with contingency management in Brazil.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2018Article
- Sociodemographic Characteristics, Patterns of Crack Use, Concomitant Substance Use Disorders, and Psychiatric Symptomatology in Treatment-Seeking Crack-Dependent Individuals in Brazil.Journal of psychoactive drugsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although contingency management (CM) is effective in promoting abstinence and treatment retention among crack cocaine users who meet the criteria for cocaine dependence, less is known about its off-target effects. In this secondary analysis, we evaluated the impact of CM on depressive and anxiety symptoms in a sample of cocaine-dependent individuals under treatment. Sixty-five crack cocaine users who met the criteria for cocaine dependence were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks of standard treatment alone (STA; n = 32) or 12 weeks of standard treatment plus CM (STCM; n = 33). The outcome measures of the secondary analysis were depressive and anxiety symptoms assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). At baseline, 59 (90.8%) of the participants reported at least mild depressive symptoms and 47 (72.5%) reported at least mild anxiety symptoms. The mean BDI-II (24.5 ± 12.1) and BAI (20.7 ± 13.5) scores in the sample as a whole was moderate. After treatment, the reported levels of depressive symptoms (β = -9.6, p < .05) and anxiety symptoms (β = -9.9, p < .05) were lower among the individuals receiving STCM than among those receiving STA. This study provides evidence that an STCM intervention targeting crack cocaine abstinence also produces significant reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms. This low cost intervention also demonstrated significant promise and optimization potential for crack cocaine users in a setting of scarce resources and high mental health comorbidity. Relevance Statement: We found that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were extremely high among crack cocaine users, and that, among such individuals, contingency management (CM) reduced depressive and anxiety symptomatology to a greater degree than did standard treatment. Our results suggest that CM targeting crack cocaine abuse can have off-target effects on psychiatric symptomatology. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.