Observational studyThe journal of trauma and acute care surgery2018
Benchmarking clinical outcomes and the immunocatabolic phenotype of chronic critical illness after sepsis in surgical intensive care unit patients.
Observational study in The journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02276417 (Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression and Catabolism Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS): A New Horizon for Surgical Critical Care Subtitle: Cardiac Dysfunction in Older Sepsis Survivors Subtitle: Development of a Designer Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide Chaperone Protein Inhibitor (DPC) for Treating Sepsis
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors, biomarkers, and mechanisms for persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of anaesthesia · 2024Pooled it
- Potential Targets to Mitigate Trauma- or Sepsis-Induced Immune Suppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Persistent immune, coagulation and cardiac dysregulation are correlated with later post-discharge mortality in children with severe malnutrition.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Mortality Prediction in Septic Patients with Prolonged or Chronic Critical Illness.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive Aging Following Acute Illness: Pathobiology and a Framework for Developing Neurotherapeutic Agents.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Feasibility of home-based, remotely delivered exercise training to improve physical function in older sepsis survivors: a pilot randomized controlled trial.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Survivors of Surgical Sepsis Demonstrate Poor Long-Term Free-Living Physical Activity Levels.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Sepsis as a complex syndrome: Are combined biomarkers the future of diagnosis and prognosis? Clinical perspective.Immunology letters · 2026Review
- Association between urea-to-creatinine ratio trajectories and clinical outcomes in chronic critical illness patients: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Why should lymphocytes immune profile matter in sepsis?World journal of critical care medicine · 2025Review
- FUNCTIONAL IMMUNOPHENOTYPING FOR PRECISION THERAPIES IN SEPSIS.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2025Review
- Definitions, epidemiology, and outcomes of persistent/chronic critical illness: a scoping review for translation to clinical practice.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- Home-Based Digital Exercise Training Program to Improve Physical Function of Older Sepsis Survivors: Protocol of the HEAL Sepsis Randomized Clinical Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- The Tri-Steps Model of Critical Conditions in Intensive Care: Introducing a New Paradigm for Chronic Critical Illness.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2024Article
- Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS): a review of definitions, potential therapies, and research priorities.British journal of anaesthesia · 2024Review
- The post-septic peripheral myeloid compartment reveals unexpected diversity in myeloid-derived suppressor cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparing Long-Term Prognosis in Chronic Critically Ill Patients: A Case Series Study of Medical versus Surgical Sepsis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA growing number of patients survive sepsis but remain chronically critically ill. We sought to define clinical outcomes and incidence of chronic critical illness (CCI) after sepsis and to determine whether selected biomarkers of inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism differ between these patients and those that rapidly recover (RAP).
methodsThis 3-year prospective observational cohort study (NCT02276417) evaluated 145 surgical intensive care unit patients with sepsis for the development of CCI (≥14 days of intensive care unit resource utilization with persistent organ dysfunction). Patient clinical demographics, outcomes, and serial serum/urine samples were collected for plasma protein and urinary metabolite analyses.
resultsOf 145 sepsis patients enrolled, 19 (13%) died during their hospitalization and 71 (49%) developed CCI. The CCI patients were significantly older (mean, 63 ± 15 vs. 58 ± 13 years, p = 0.006) and more likely to be discharged to long-term acute care facilities (32% vs. 3%, p < 0.0001), whereas those with RAP were more often discharged to home or a rehabilitation facility. Six-month mortality was significantly higher in CCI as compared with RAP cohort (37% vs. 2%; p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression modeling revealed delayed onset sepsis (>48 hours after admission; odds ratio [OR], 10.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.15-28.82]), interfacility transfer (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.43-8.96), vasopressor-dependent septic shock (OR, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.47-9.54), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 5 or greater at 72 hours (OR, 5.03; 95% CI, 2.00-12.62) as independent risk factors for the development of CCI. The CCI patients also demonstrated greater elevations in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), and biomarker profiles are consistent with persistent immunosuppression (absolute lymphocyte count and soluble programmed death ligand 1) and catabolism (plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion).
conclusionThe development of CCI has become the predominant clinical trajectory in critically ill surgical patients with sepsis. These patients exhibit biomarker profiles consistent with an immunocatabolic phenotype of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic, level II.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.