Trial reportThe Journal of veterinary medical science2018
Oral immunization with recombinant protein antigen expressed in tobacco against fish nervous necrosis virus.
Trial report in The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plant Biofactories for Vaccination: Progress in Edible Vaccine Technologies as a Sustainable Approach to Global Immunization.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- The multifaceted challenge of viral nervous necrosis in fish farming: a review of current knowledge and control.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Review
- Oral Vaccines: A Better Future of Immunization.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Yeasts in nanotechnology-enabled oral vaccine and gene delivery.Bioengineered · 2021Review
- Protection of Teleost Fish against Infectious Diseases through Oral Administration of Vaccines: Update 2021.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Gut Immune System and the Implications of Oral-Administered Immunoprophylaxis in Finfish Aquaculture.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Mass Production of Virus-Like Particles Using Chloroplast Genetic Engineering for Highly Immunogenic Oral Vaccine Against Fish Disease.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Betanodavirus and VER Disease: A 30-year Research Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), also known as betanodavirus, has been recently implicated in mass mortalities of cultured marine fish. An effective vaccine is urgently needed to protect fish against this virus. However, parenteral immunization methods are very stressful. Individual immunization for thousands of fish is very labor intensive and expensive. Therefore, we expressed NNV coat protein in tobacco chloroplasts and used it as an oral vaccine to induce immunities in fish followed by challenges with NNV. Our results revealed that mice (IgG and IgA) and fish (IgM) immunized with the oral vaccine developed significantly higher antibody titers against the NNV coat protein. Fish were partially protected against viral challenge. Taken together, our results demonstrated that a plant-based vaccine could effectively induce immune response and protect groupers against NNV. The present method could be used to develop oral fish vaccine in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.