ReviewDigestive diseases and sciences2018
A 14-Year Study of 398 Esophageal Adenocarcinomas Diagnosed Among 156,256 EGDs Performed at Two Large Hospitals: An Inlet Patch Is Proposed as a Significant Risk Factor for Proximal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.
Review in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of fully circumferential inlet patches (heterotopic gastric mucosa): More complicated than regular inlet patches.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Proximal esophageal adenocarcinoma: A rare case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2024Article
- Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced cervical esophageal adenocarcinoma derived from a gastric inlet patch: A case report.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Esophageal Inlet Patch: Association with Barrett's Esophagus.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Cervical Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Arising From Gastric Inlet Patch: A Benign Lesion With Malignant Potential.ACG case reports journal · 2023Article
- Recurrent esophageal adenocarcinoma derived from ectopic gastric mucosa: A case report.Thoracic cancer · 2022Article
- HOXA13 in etiology and oncogenic potential of Barrett's esophagus.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Proximal Third of the Esophagus Originating From Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa.ACG case reports journal · 2021Article
- Neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction.Pathologica · 2020Review
- Isolated oesophageal adenocarcinoma metastasis at percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) site.BMJ case reports · 2020Article
- Inherited CDH1 pathogenic variant: is there a place for surveillance of esophageal gastric inlet patch?Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2020Article
- Issues and controversies in esophageal inlet patch.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn association between inlet patches and proximal esophageal adenocarcinomas is currently suspected because of numerous case reports of simultaneous occurrence of both diseases.
aimsTo analyze whether inlet patches are significantly associated with proximal esophageal adenocarcinomas in a large population.
methodsComputerized search of pathology and EGD reports revealed 398 cases of esophageal adenocarcinomas among 156,236 EGDs (performed on 106,510 patients) diagnosed by histopathology performed at Royal Oak/Troy, William Beaumont Hospitals, 2003-2016. Adenocarcinomas localized as distal, middle, or proximal; and characterized as associated versus unassociated with inlet patches. Medical records were reviewed. Endoscopic photographs, radiologic images, and pathologic slides were re-reviewed. Two researchers independently performed systematic computerized literature searches; cases of simultaneous diseases identified by consensus.
resultsAdenocarcinoma locations included: distal-381, middle-14, and proximal esophagus-3. Five patients had inlet patches with esophageal adenocarcinomas located at: distal-2, middle-0, and proximal esophagus-3 (relative frequency of inlet patches with cancers of distal/middle esophagus = 2/395 [.5%] vs. proximal esophagus = 3/3 [100%], p < .000001, 95% OR CI > 50.1, Fisher's exact test). Cases of proximal esophageal adenocarcinomas within inlet patches included: (1) Seventy-eight-year-old man presented with dysphagia. Neck CT showed proximal esophageal mass. EGD revealed semi-circumferential, multinodular, 3.0 × 1.5 cm mass within inlet patch. Histopathology of biopsies revealed moderately-to-poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Patient received chemoradiotherapy and expired 2 years later. (2) Seventy-nine-year-old man presented with anorexia and weight loss. EGD demonstrated proximal esophageal mass within inlet patch. Histopathology of biopsies revealed poorly differentiated, signet ring cell adenocarcinoma. Chest CT revealed 3.4 × 2.1-cm-proximal esophageal mass. Patient expired 4 months later. (3) Sixty-year-old man presented with dysphagia. EGD revealed 4-cm-long, semi-circumferential, proximal esophageal mass within inlet patch. Histopathology of biopsies revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Patient underwent emergency esophagectomy for esophageal perforation 2 weeks after initiating chemoradiotherapy, and died shortly thereafter. Literature review revealed 39 cases of simultaneous disease. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Potential underreporting by endoscopists of inlet patches at EGD.
conclusionsStudy supplements 39 previously reported cases of simultaneous disease, by adding three new cases, and by novel report of statistically significant association between these two entities, which has important implications in the pathophysiology of proximal esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.