ReviewBMC family practice2017
How to choose the most appropriate cognitive test to evaluate cognitive complaints in primary care.
Review in BMC family practice, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reliability, Validity, and Diagnostic Accuracy of the Persian Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6-CIT) in Older Adult Outpatients.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Cognitive function predicts all-cause mortality independent of social engagement among community-dwelling elderly Japanese men: a 15-year prospective cohort study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Article
- MMSE in primary care practice: why good tests can mislead in the wrong context.European journal of ageing · 2025Article
- Is the MMSE enough for MCI? A narrative review of the usefulness of the MMSE.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Algorithm-defined memory impairment in older American Indians: The Strong Heart Study.Neuropsychology · 2024Article
- Dementia and comorbidities in primary care: a scoping review.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Methodological challenges and biases in the field of cognitive function among patients with chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Deficits in rate of force production during multifinger tasks are associated with cognitive status.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the non-auditory neurocognitive test MoCA-HI for hearing-impaired.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Sulfiredoxin-1 blood mRNA expression levels negatively correlate with hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline.F1000Research · 2022Article
- Inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults in China and the associated social determinants: a decomposition approach.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- General practitioners' attitude toward early and pre-dementia diagnosis of AD in five European countries-A MOPEAD project survey.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Embedding and Sustaining a Focus on Function in Specialty Research and Care.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Review
- Review
- Souvenaid in the management of mild cognitive impairment: an expert consensus opinion.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2019Article
- Article
- Self-Reported Benefit and Satisfaction with a Beamforming Body-Worn Hearing Aid for Elderly Adults.International journal of otolaryngology · 2018Article
- Conception and usability pilot study of a new digital cognitive screening tool on tablet: AlzVR project.Digital healthArticle
- Challenges in the diagnosis of dementia: insights from the United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop.Dementia & neuropsychologiaReview
- The Correlation and Agreement of Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination and Abbreviated Mental Test in Assessing the Cognitive Status of Elderly People Undergoing Hemodialysis.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the wealth of research devoted to the performance of individual cognitive tests for diagnosing cognitive impairment (including mild cognitive impairment and dementia), it can be difficult for general practitioners to choose the most appropriate test for a patient with cognitive complaints in daily practice. In this paper we present a diagnostic algorithm for the evaluation of cognitive complaints in primary care. The rationale behind this algorithm is that the likelihood of cognitive impairment -which can be determined after history taking and an informant interview- should determine which cognitive test is most suitable.
methodsWe distinguished three likelihoods of cognitive impairment: not likely, possible or likely. We selected cognitive tests based on pre-defined required test features for each of these three situations and a review of the literature. We incorporated the cognitive tests in a practical diagnostic algorithm.
resultsBased on the available literature, in patients with complaints but where cognitive impairment is considered to be unlikely the clock-drawing test can be used to rule out cognitive impairment. When cognitive impairment is possible the Montreal cognitive assessment can be used to rule out cognitive impairment or to make cognitive impairment more likely. When cognitive impairment is likely the Mini-Mental State Examination can be used to confirm the presence of cognitive impairment.
conclusionsWe propose a diagnostic algorithm to increase the efficiency of ruling out or diagnosing cognitive impairment in primary care. Further study is needed to validate and evaluate this stepwise diagnostic algorithm.
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