ArticlePediatric research2018
Association between maternal hypothyroidism and autism spectrum disorders in children.
Article in Pediatric research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- An ASXL3-thyroid hormone axis in parvalbumin interneurons controls autism-like behaviors.Science advances · 2026Article
- Maternal Thyroid Hormone Imbalance and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to extreme heat and autism in children.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Association between maternal thyroid dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a population-based cohort study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Convergent thyroid-ATPase interactions regulate collective behavior in Danionella.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Gestational exposures to mixtures of multiple chemical classes and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Maternal Thyroid Supplementation Prevents Autistic-relevant Social Behavior and Hypothalamic Oxytocin Depletion Produced by Developmental Exposure to Environmental Toxicants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Impact of Preterm Birth Subtype on Risk of Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Offspring.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Circulating thyroid hormones and metabolites in children with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Maternal plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids in early pregnancy and thyroid function throughout pregnancy: a longitudinal study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy as an Etiologic Factor in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges and Opportunities for Research.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Review
- The domestic chick as an animal model of autism spectrum disorder: building adaptive social perceptions through prenatally formed predispositions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction, and Child Autism Spectrum Disorder.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Review
- Association of maternal levothyroxine use during pregnancy with offspring birth and neurodevelopmental outcomes: a population-based cohort study.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Research into the Association of Cadmium and Manganese Excretion with Thyroid Function and Behavioral Areas in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Fetal blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine transmission causes autism-like impairment of biological motion preference in the neonatal chick.Cerebral cortex communications · 2022Article
- A profile and review of findings from the Early Markers for Autism study: unique contributions from a population-based case-control study in California.Molecular autism · 2021Review
- Prevention in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Lifelong Focused Approach.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Congenital Hypothyroidism and Brain Development: Association With Other Psychiatric Disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundTo determine whether hypothyroidism is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and how this association is influenced by race-ethnicity, sex, and timing of exposure.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using records from 397,201 children who were delivered from 1991 to 2011 and remained health plan members from 1993 to 2014.ResultsChildren of hypothyroid women had higher ASD rates than children of women without the diagnosis (2.14 vs. 1.62/1,000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratios (adj.HR), 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-1.53). This occurred in women diagnosed before as well as during pregnancy. Maternal hypothyroidism was associated with ASD for both boys (3.93 vs. 2.62/1,000 person-years; adj.HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.50) and girls (1.10 vs. 0.61/1,000 person-years; adj.HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.10-2.08). Of women with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism during pregnancy, normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were not associated with an increased risk of ASD in children. Compared with white children, prenatal hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of ASD in children of Hispanics (adj.HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01-1.17) and women of other/mixed race-ethnicity (adj.HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.16).ConclusionMaternal hypothyroidism is associated with ASD in children in a manner dependent on race-ethnicity. Management of maternal hypothyroidism may ameliorate the risk of ASD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.