ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2018
Measuring Frailty in Medicare Data: Development and Validation of a Claims-Based Frailty Index.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06506669 (Comparing Two Normal Approaches to Procedural Sedation for Cataract Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 429 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing Two Normal Approaches to Procedural Sedation for Cataract Surgery: A Prospective, Feasibility Pilot Study
Who cites it
429 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Frailty Screening Using the Risk Analysis Index: A User Guide.Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety · 2025Pooled it
- Case Definition for Diagnosed Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in Medicare.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Using real-world data to predict findings of an ongoing phase IV trial: glycemic control of semaglutide versus standard of care.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Trial
- Reducing Central Nervous System-Active Medications to Prevent Falls and Injuries Among Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Longitudinal trajectories of hospitalizations in US older adults with heart failure.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Anticoagulation Outcomes in Nursing Home Residents With Atrial Fibrillation and ADL Disability.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Closing the hospice gap: the value of home-based medical care.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Frailty and low utilization of curative-intent surgical resection in nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Advanced CKD Not Requiring Dialysis.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Transcatheter vs Surgical Tricuspid Valve Repair: An Analysis of Medicare Beneficiaries.The Annals of thoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Review
- Dementia Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes After Nonruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2026Article
- Claims-based frailty index and risk of hospitalisation for hip fracture among adults aged 60-74 years in Tokyo, Japan.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Incidence and Outcomes of Unplanned Intensive Interventions After Common Inpatient Surgeries: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2026Article
- Association between rheumatoid arthritis, frailty status, mortality and anti-cancer therapy: a retrospective SEER-Medicare analysis in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma.Annals of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Characterization of orthogeriatric care models and association with mortality and health-economic outcomes in patients with hip fractures: a retrospective cohort study from Germany.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Mortality after emergency presentation: evidence from a cohort of 929 378 Medicare beneficiaries with common cancers diagnosed 2008-2017.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Association between social vulnerability index and cataract surgery care in medicare beneficiaries: a retrospective cohort study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Clinical outcomes after antipsychotic discontinuation in nursing home residents with dementia: a nationwide cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Bleeding Risk With Apixaban Versus Rivaroxaban: A Reference Trial Emulation Predicting the Results of COBRRA-VTE and COBRRA-AF Using US Health Care Claims.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Observational
369 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Frailty is a key determinant of health status and outcomes of health care interventions in older adults that is not readily measured in Medicare data. This study aimed to develop and validate a claims-based frailty index (CFI). Methods: We used data from Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey 2006 (development sample: n = 5,593) and 2011 (validation sample: n = 4,424). A CFI was developed using the 2006 claims data to approximate a survey-based frailty index (SFI) calculated from the 2006 survey data as a reference standard. We compared CFI to combined comorbidity index (CCI) in the ability to predict death, disability, recurrent falls, and health care utilization in 2007. As validation, we calculated a CFI using the 2011 claims data to predict these outcomes in 2012. Results: The CFI was correlated with SFI (correlation coefficient: 0.60). In the development sample, CFI was similar to CCI in predicting mortality (C statistic: 0.77 vs. 0.78), but better than CCI for disability, mobility impairment, and recurrent falls (C statistic: 0.62-0.66 vs. 0.56-0.60). Although both indices similarly explained the variation in hospital days, CFI outperformed CCI in explaining the variation in skilled nursing facility days. Adding CFI to age, sex, and CCI improved prediction. In the validation sample, CFI and CCI performed similarly for mortality (C statistic: 0.71 vs. 0.72). Other results were comparable to those from the development sample. Conclusion: A novel frailty index can measure the risk for adverse health outcomes that is not otherwise quantified using demographic characteristics and traditional comorbidity measures in Medicare data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.