ArticleJournal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4 and -6 in the serum of health, chronic periodontitis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Divergent glucose stress responses in TM4 Sertoli cells: a miRNA-driven regulatory landscape of inflammation and cytokine expression.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Impact of LiveMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Serum cytokines in periodontal diseases.Periodontology 2000 · 2025Review
- Article
- Periodontal Disease, Local and Systemic Inflammation in Puerto Ricans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Immunoaffinity-enriched salivary small extracellular vesicles in periodontitis.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Clinical effect of vitamin D supplementation on patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its influence on the expression of immune cells and inflammatory factors.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Investigation of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes activity in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and healthy subjects, association with IL-6 level.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2019Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Health and Chronic Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study.Contemporary clinical dentistryArticle
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCytokines are significant in the development and progression of chronic periodontitis (ChP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DT2). Insufficient information is available regarding the pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines in ChP's influence on systemic levels of cytokines on DT2. This study investigated the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 in the serum of patients with ChP, DT2, and with both ChP and DT2, as compared to health. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of eighty participants were grouped equally groups as healthy (NH), ChP with, and without DT2 (ChP and ChP + DT2) and only type 2 diabetes (DT2). Plaque and gingival indices, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depths, clinical attachment loss, were evaluated. Serum samples were collected to measure glycated hemoglobin, random blood sugar. TNF-α, IL-4 and -6 was assessed by ELISA.
resultsThe selected cytokines were detected in all the participants. TNF-α and IL-6 were highest in ChP + DT2 group, whereas IL-4 was highest in health. Significant differences and correlation were observed between the cytokines, periodontal, and glycemic parameters and among the four groups.
conclusionTNF-α and IL-6 appear to heighten the inflammatory state in patients with both type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, but IL-4, though considered an anti-inflammatory mediator was not convincing in such a role in this study. The cytokine behavior needs to be studied further in larger studies.
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