ArticlePediatrics2018
Preterm Birth, Poverty, and Cognitive Development.
Article in Pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cognitive and academic outcomes of large-for-gestational-age babies born at early term: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- How do socioeconomic inequalities and preterm birth interact to modify health and education outcomes? A narrative systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of socioeconomic status and nurturing environment with developmental outcomes in very preterm children without sensorimotor impairment: a secondary analysis of the INTACT study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Parent-child interaction after home-visiting intervention for children born extremely preterm-A randomised clinical trial.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Trial
- The role of STORCH infections in shaping neurodevelopment: a longitudinal case-control study in preterm children.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Maternal thyroid hormone trajectories and cognitive develpoment in preschoolers: the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Group-based trajectory modelling and interpretable machine learning to identify factors associated with neurodevelopmental trajectories in preterm infants.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health and outcome of extremely preterm infants: A Swiss population-based study.PloS one · 2026Article
- The role of social determinants of health in the developing injured brain.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Family perceptions of prematurity, neurodevelopment, and early intervention: a qualitative study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Neonatal multimorbidity and the phenotype of premature aging in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Pregnancy complications and childhood mental health: is the association modified by sex or adverse social circumstances? Findings from the 'growing up in Ireland' national infant cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Preterm birth, low birth weight, and their co-occurrence among women with preexisting chronic diseases prior to conception: a cross-sectional analysis of postpartum women in a low-resource setting in Ghana.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2024Article
- Intergenerational transmission of health inequalities: towards a life course approach to socioeconomic inequalities in health - a review.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Review
- aEEG in the first 3 days after extremely preterm delivery relates to neurodevelopmental outcomes.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Outcomes assessments should reflect the dynamic and contextual nature of early childhood development.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Preterm birth and early life environmental factors: neuropsychological profiles at adolescence and young adulthood.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- The Cohort of Indonesian Preterm Infants for Long-term Outcomes (CIPTO) study: a protocol.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Biomedical and Psychosocial Determinants of Early Neurodevelopment After Preterm Birth.Global pediatric health · 2023Review
- Association of sedation and anesthesia on cognitive outcomes in very premature infants: a retrospective observational study.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreterm birth and childhood poverty each adversely impact children's cognitive development and academic outcomes. In this study, we investigated whether the relationships between preterm and early term birth and children's cognitive scores at 3, 5, and 7 years old were modified by childhood poverty.
methodsThis study was conducted by using data on singletons born at 24 to 40 weeks' gestation enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study in the United Kingdom. Linear regression models were used to test independent and joint associations of gestational age (early or moderate preterm, late preterm, or early term compared with term) and childhood poverty (<60% of median UK income) with children's cognitive scores. Presence of additive interaction between gestational age and poverty was tested by using interaction terms.
resultsChildren born preterm (<37 weeks) or early term (37-38 weeks) tended to score more poorly on cognitive assessments than children born at term (39-40 weeks). The estimated deficits were ∼0.2 to 0.3 SD for early or moderate preterm, 0.1 SD for late preterm, and 0.05 SD for early term compared with term. Children living in poverty scored 0.3 to 0.4 SD worse than children not living in poverty on all assessments. For most assessments, the estimated effects of the 2 factors were approximately additive, with little or no evidence of interaction between gestational age and poverty.
conclusionsAlthough children born preterm who lived in poverty had the poorest cognitive outcomes, living in poverty did not magnify the adverse effect of being preterm on cognitive development.
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