ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2018
Measures of SES for Electronic Health Record-based Research.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of neurodegenerative disease or dementia in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Social determinants of health in electronic health records and their impact on analysis and risk prediction: A systematic review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2020Pooled it
- Sleep Health Disparities: Are Black Women Disadvantaged?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The role of the family in youth psychiatric readmission: a scoping review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Loneliness and all-cause mortality in the United States.PloS one · 2026Article
- Associations of community socioeconomic factors and opioid use disorder across an urban-to-rural spectrum in Pennsylvania: an electronic health record-based case-control study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Pain disparities among Medicaid beneficiaries with chronic low back pain: The differential role of psychological distress.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Associations of environmental and community features with radiologic sinus inflammation in Pennsylvania, USA.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Sex differences in healthcare utilization for chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective cohort study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Electrophysiological correlates of inhibitory control in children: Relations with prenatal maternal risk factors and child psychopathology.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of computable social phenotypes for health-related social needs.JAMIA open · 2025Article
- Article
- Targeting hardship: poverty as a modifiable risk factor in childhood leukemia and lymphoma treatment.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2024Review
- Model-based estimation of individual-level social determinants of health and its applications in All of Us.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Community profiles in northeastern and central Pennsylvania characterized by distinct social, natural, food, and physical activity environments and their relation to type 2 diabetes.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Correlations of Socioeconomic and Clinical Determinants with United States County-Level Stroke Prevalence.Annals of neurology · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic and Mental Health Factors Associated with Obesity in Resettled Refugees in Syracuse, New York.Ethnicity & disease · 2024Article
- Medication Engagement, Determinants of Health, and A1C Levels Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes within a Tribal Health System.The science of diabetes self-management and care · 2024Article
- Community credit scores and community socioeconomic deprivation in association with type 2 diabetes across an urban to rural spectrum in Pennsylvania: a case-control study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Access, Outcomes, and Costs Associated with Surgery for Malignancy Among People Experiencing Homelessness.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAlthough infrequently recorded in electronic health records (EHRs), measures of SES are essential to describe health inequalities and account for confounding in epidemiologic research. Medical Assistance (i.e., Medicaid) is often used as a surrogate for SES, but correspondence between conventional SES and Medical Assistance has been insufficiently studied.
methodsGeisinger Clinic EHR data from 2001 to 2014 and a 2014 questionnaire were used to create six SES measures: EHR-derived Medical Assistance and proportion of time under observation on Medical Assistance; educational attainment, income, and marital status; and area-level poverty. Analyzed in 2016-2017, associations of SES measures with obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, chronic rhinosinusitis, fatigue, and migraine headache were assessed using weighted age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression.
resultsAmong 5,550 participants (interquartile range, 39.6-57.5 years, 65.9% female), 83% never used Medical Assistance. All SES measures were correlated (Spearman's p≤0.4). Medical Assistance was significantly associated with all six health outcomes in adjusted models. For example, the OR for prevalent type 2 diabetes associated with Medical Assistance was 1.7 (95% CI=1.3, 2.2); the OR for high school versus college graduates was 1.7 (95% CI=1.2, 2.5). Medical Assistance was an imperfect proxy for SES: associations between conventional SES measures and health were attenuated <20% after adjustment for Medical Assistance.
conclusionsBecause systematically collected SES measures are rarely available in EHRs and are unlikely to appear soon, researchers can use EHR-based Medical Assistance to describe inequalities. As SES has many domains, researchers who use Medical Assistance to evaluate the association of SES with health should expect substantial unmeasured confounding.
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