ArticleApplied nursing research : ANR2017
CYP2D6 drug-gene and drug-drug-gene interactions among patients prescribed pharmacogenetically actionable opioids.
Article in Applied nursing research : ANR, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacogenomic-guided opioid therapy for pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of real-world evidence on the clinical relevance, characterization, and utility ofJournal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2025Pooled it
- Drug-gene and drug-drug interactions associated with tramadol and codeine therapy in the INGENIOUS trial.Pharmacogenomics · 2019Trial
- CYP2D6-Guided Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Multi-Center Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- The importance of phenoconversion when using thePharmacogenomics · 2022Article
- Exploring the Use of Genomic and Routinely Collected Data: Narrative Literature Review and Interview Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Review
- How to Integrate CYP2D6 Phenoconversion Into Clinical Pharmacogenetics: A Tutorial.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Pharmacogenetic information in Swiss drug labels - a systematic analysis.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2021Article
- Drug Use among Nursing Home Residents in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics Based (PGx) Dosing Guidelines: Potential for Preemptive PGx Testing.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Article
- A Scoping Review of the Evidence Behind Cytochrome P450 2D6 Isoenzyme Inhibitor Classifications.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Article
- Drug Use in Denmark for Drugs Having Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Based Dosing Guidelines from CPIC or DPWG for CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 Drug-Gene Pairs: Perspectives for Introducing PGx Test to Polypharmacy Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Article
- Nurse empowerment through Pharmacogenetics.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2020Article
- Heterogeneity in the distribution of 159 drug-response related SNPs in world populations and their genetic relatedness.PloS one · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWhen codeine and tramadol are used for pain management, it is imperative that nurses are able to assess for potential drug-gene and drug-drug-gene interactions that could adversely impact drug metabolism and ultimately pain relief. Both drugs are metabolized through the CYP2D6 metabolic pathway which can be affected by medications as well the patient's own pharmacogenotype. The purpose of this brief report is to identify drug-gene and drug-drug-gene interactions in 30 adult patients prescribed codeine or tramadol for pain.
methodsWe used three data sources: (1) six months of electronic health record data on the number and types of medications prescribed to each patient; (2) each patient's CYP2D6 pharmacogenotype, and (3) published data on known CYP2D6 gene-drug and drug-drug-gene interactions.
resultsTen patients (33%) had possible drug-gene or drug-drug-gene interactions. Five patients had CYP2D6 drug-gene interactions indicating they were not good candidates for codeine or tramadol. In addition, five patients had potential CYP2D6 drug-drug-gene interactions with either codeine or tramadol.
conclusionOur findings from this exploratory study underscores the importance of assessing and accounting for drug-gene and drug-drug-gene interactions in patients prescribed codeine or tramadol.
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Registered trials
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