ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
Prevalence and correlates of benzodiazepine use and misuse among young adults who use prescription opioids non-medically.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment interventions for co-occurring opioid use disorder, and sleep disturbances: a scoping review.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Pooled it
- The epidemiology of benzodiazepine misuse: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Pooled it
- Benzodiazepines and Opioid co-use Among Rural People Who Use Drugs: Findings From the Rural Opioid Initiative.Substance use & addiction journal · 2025Article
- Addressing adolescent substance use with a public health prevention framework: the case for harm reduction.Annals of medicine · 2022Review
- Factors associated with non-medical use of prescription drugs among individuals with a legitimate prescription for medical purposes: A population-based study.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2022Article
- Awareness, Utilization, and Preferences of Harm Reduction Interventions among Street-Involved Young Adults in Boston.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Poly-prescription drug misuse across the life course: Prevalence and correlates across different adult age cohorts in the U.S.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Substance Use in Mild-COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- A Retrospective Review of Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Acute Benzodiazepine Withdrawal at a Midwestern Academic Medical Center.Kansas journal of medicine · 2021Article
- Overdose and Alcohol Sensitive Immediate Release System (OASIS) for Deterring Accidental Overdose or Abuse of Drugs.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2020Article
- Co-occurring opioid and sedative use disorder: Gender differences in use patterns and psychiatric co-morbidities in the United States.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Article
- Comorbidity of opioid-related and anxiety-related symptoms and disorders.Current opinion in psychology · 2019Review
- Alcohol use and consequences in matriculating US college students by prescription stimulant/opioid nonmedical misuse status.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Benzodiazepine Use and Misuse Among Adults in the United States.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2019Article
- Educational attainment and prescription drug misuse: The importance of push and pull factors for dropping out.Journal of criminal justiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBenzodiazepine use dramatically increases the risk of unintentional overdose among people who use opioids non-medically. However, little is known about the patterns of co-occurring benzodiazepine and opioid use among young adults in the United States.
methodsThe Rhode Island Young Adult Prescription Drug Study (RAPiDS) was a cross-sectional study from January 2015-February 2016. RAPiDS recruited 200 young adults aged 18-29 who reported past 30-day non-medical prescription opioid (NMPO) use. Using Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher's exact test, we examined correlates associated with regular prescribed and non-medical use (defined as at least monthly) of benzodiazepines among NMPO users in Rhode Island.
resultsAmong participants, 171 (85.5%) reported lifetime benzodiazepine use and 125 (62.5%) reported regular benzodiazepine use. Nearly all (n=121, 96.8%) reported non-medical use and 43 (34.4%) reported prescribed use. Compared to the 75 participants who did not regularly use benzodiazepines, participants who reported regular use were more likely to be white (66.3% vs. 58.0%, p=0.03), have ever been incarcerated (52.8% vs. 37.3%, p=0.04), and have ever been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder (bipolar: 29.6% vs. 16.0%, p=0.04; anxiety: 56.8 vs. 36.0%, p=0.01). Although the association was marginally significant, accidental overdose was higher among those who were prescribed the benzodiazepine they used most frequently compared to those who were not (41.9% vs. 24.4%, p=0.06).
conclusionBenzodiazepine use and misuse are highly prevalent among young adult NMPO users. Harm reduction and prevention programs for this population are urgently needed.
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Registered trials
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