ReviewPLoS neglected tropical diseases2017
Drug resistance and treatment failure in leishmaniasis: A 21st century challenge.
Review in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 431 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
431 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Plant-based therapeutics for leishmaniasis: A systematic review emphasizing human studies and clinical trial evidence.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis.Veterinary dermatology · 2025Guideline
- Serum Levels of Vitamins and Trace Elements in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Biological trace element research · 2024Pooled it
- Leishmania spp. genetic factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis antimony pentavalent drug resistance: a systematic review.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and pharmacokinetics of GSK3494245, a highly selective Leishmaniasis kinetoplastid proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: A Phase 1, randomized, single ascending dose escalation study in healthy participants.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Trial
- Microneedle-based injection of Fungizone/Amphotericin B: an effective treatment for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Visceral leishmaniasis: an integrated review of resistance mechanisms, host immunometabolism, and next generation therapeutics.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Peptide-Enabled Nanoplatforms for Malaria and Leishmaniasis: From Intracellular Targeting to Translational Diagnostic Perspectives.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Cell Death and Unprecedent Cytoskeletal Changes inChemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Potential efficacy of repurposed drugs for treating drug-resistant visceral leishmaniasis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Dicentrine, an Aporphine Alkaloid From Ocotea langsdorffii, Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Leishmania (L.) infantum.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Immunochemotherapy with Amphotericin B and HisAK70 Vaccine for Cutaneous Leishmaniosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Direct quantitative PCR detects genetic biomarkers of antileishmanial drug resistance in clinical samples from dogs with leishmaniosis.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Queuosine tRNA modification regulates translational adaptation and virulence of Leishmania mexicana.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Multi-drug tolerance in Leishmania persister-like cells.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial activity of flavone-based Sn(iv) and Sb(iii) complexes.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Comparison of a recombinant endonuclease III protein and its synthetic peptides in ELISA for the diagnosis of tegumentary leishmaniasis using human serum and urine samples: A preliminary study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Activity of Bioconjugate Guanidine-Temporin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Novel Thiazolylimidazole Hybrids as Promising Antileishmanial Agents: Rational Design and Biological Evaluation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Vaccines Against Neglected Diseases: New Promises from Genetically Modified Live-Attenuated Parasites and RNA Vaccines.Microorganisms · 2026Review
371 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reevaluation of treatment guidelines for Old and New World leishmaniasis is urgently needed on a global basis because treatment failure is an increasing problem. Drug resistance is a fundamental determinant of treatment failure, although other factors also contribute to this phenomenon, including the global HIV/AIDS epidemic with its accompanying impact on the immune system. Pentavalent antimonials have been used successfully worldwide for the treatment of leishmaniasis since the first half of the 20th century, but the last 10 to 20 years have witnessed an increase in clinical resistance, e.g., in North Bihar in India. In this review, we discuss the meaning of "resistance" related to leishmaniasis and discuss its molecular epidemiology, particularly for Leishmania donovani that causes visceral leishmaniasis. We also discuss how resistance can affect drug combination therapies. Molecular mechanisms known to contribute to resistance to antimonials, amphotericin B, and miltefosine are also outlined.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.