ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2017
Enabling Factors for Sustaining Open Defecation-Free Communities in Rural Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Open defecation-free slippage and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- The Impact of Pro-Poor Sanitation Subsidies in Open Defecation-Free Communities: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Rural Ghana.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Trial
- Achieving equitable uptake of handwashing and sanitation by addressing both supply and demand-based constraints: findings from a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2021Trial
- Long-term usage, condition, and cultural acceptability of the BALatrine project: findings from a subsidised sanitation improvement intervention in rural Central Java, Indonesia.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- What Makes Household Sanitation Systems Resilient to Floods? Evidence from Ethiopia, Uganda, and Nepal.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Latrine utilization and associated factors among households in Menz Keya Gabreal District, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2023: A mixed study approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Contextual and psychosocial factors predicting sanitation behaviours in rural Indonesia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Successful open defecation-free intervention in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative synthesis systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Household ownership of latrines does not ensure use: a scoping review.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Socio-economic factors associated with open defecation among agricultural households: a cross-sectional study in Haiti.BMJ public health · 2023Article
- Latrine Utilization and Associated Factors Among Rural Households in Southwest Ethiopia: Risk, Attitude, Norms, Ability, and Self-Regulation Behavioral Model.Environmental health insights · 2023Article
- Assessing Sustainability Factors for Rural Household Sanitation Coverage in Bhutan, Kenya, Nepal, and Zambia: A Qualitative Analysis.Global health, science and practice · 2022Article
- Socio-economic and demographic factors influencing open defecation in Haiti: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Assessing the Sustainability of an Integrated Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Approach: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Evaluation in 10 Countries.Global health, science and practice · 2022Article
- Safely Managed On-Site Sanitation: A National Assessment of Sanitation Services and Potential Fecal Exposure in Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Patterns and Drivers of Household Sanitation Access and Sustainability in Kwale County, Kenya.Environmental science & technology · 2021Article
- Sanitation Practices during Early Phases of COVID-19 Lockdown in Peri-Urban Communities in Tamil Nadu, India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Progress in sanitation among poor households in Kenya: evidence from demographic and health surveys.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Open Defecation Practices in Lodwar, Kenya: A Mixed-Methods Research.Environmental health insights · 2019Article
- Equity implications for sanitation from recent health and nutrition evidence.International journal for equity in health · 2017Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Community Approaches to Total Sanitation (CATS) programmes, like the Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) programme of the Government of Indonesia, have played a significant role in reducing open defecation though still little is known about the sustainability of the outcomes. We assessed the sustainability of verified Open Defecation Free (ODF) villages and explored the association between slippage occurrence and the strength of social norms through a government conducted cross-sectional data collection in rural Indonesia. The study surveyed 587 households and held focus group discussions (FGDs) in six ODF villages two years after the government's ODF verification. Overall, the slippage rate (i.e., a combination of sub-optimal use of a latrine and open defecation at respondent level) was estimated to be 14.5% (95% CI 11.6-17.3). Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that (1) weaker social norms, as measured by respondents' perceptions around latrine ownership coverage in their community, (2) a lack of all-year round water access, and (3) wealth levels (i.e., not being in the richest quintile), were found to be significantly associated with slippage occurrence. These findings, together with qualitative analysis, concluded that CATS programmes, including a combination of demand creation, removal of perceived constraints through community support mechanisms, and continued encouragement to pursue higher levels of services with post-ODF follow-up, could stabilize social norms and help to sustain longer-term latrine usage in study communities. Further investigation and at a larger scale, would be important to strengthen these findings.
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