ArticleAnesthesia and analgesia2018
Prolonged Duration Local Anesthesia Using Liposomal Bupivacaine Combined With Liposomal Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine.
Article in Anesthesia and analgesia, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intravenous Dexamethasone Palmitate for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Surgery
Intravenous Dexamethasone Palmitate for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Craniotomy
Intravenous Dexamethasone Palmitate for Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Open Surgery
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant of transversus abdominal plane block for cesarean delivery under multimodal analgesia: a randomized clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Dexmedetomidine with lidocaine topical anesthesia reduces emergence agitation and postoperative pain after pediatric tonsillectomy.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Regional Anesthesia Utilizing Liposomal Bupivacaine, With or Without Dexamethasone, Provides Excellent Pain Control and Minimizes Opioid Consumption Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- TARGET Study: Intravenous Dexamethasone Palmitate for Postoperative Pain Prevention: Protocol for a Multicenter, Randomised Controlled Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Article
- Hydrogel Drug Delivery Systems and Liposomal Bupivacaine: Innovations and Future Perspectives in Pain Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Aromatized liposomes for sustained drug delivery.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Hydration-induced Void-containing Hydrogels for Encapsulation and Sustained Release of Small Hydrophilic Molecules.Advanced functional materials · 2023Article
- Materials for Controlled Release of Local Anesthetics.ChemMedChem · 2023Review
- Emulsion-induced polymersomes taming tetrodotoxin for prolonged duration local anesthesia.Advanced therapeutics · 2023Article
- Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant in Peripheral Nerve Block.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Review
- Article
- Addition of 2 mg dexamethasone to improve the anesthetic efficacy of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine administered for inferior alveolar nerve block to patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular molars: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2022Article
- Effect of Perineural Dexamethasone with Ropivacaine in Continuous Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery.Journal of pain research · 2022Article
- The Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Combination with Bupivacaine on Sensory and Motor Block Time and Pain Score in Supraclavicular Block.Pain research & management · 2021Article
- Article
- Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block using ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing caesarian sections to relieve post-operative analgesia: A randomized controlled clinical trial.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Neurotoxicity of bupivacaine and liposome bupivacaine after sciatic nerve block in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
- Injectable Lipid-Based Depot Formulations: Where Do We Stand?Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relatively short duration of effect of local anesthetics has been addressed by encapsulation in drug delivery systems. Codelivery with a single compound that produces an adjuvant effect on nerve block but without intrinsic local anesthetic properties can further prolong the nerve block effect. Here, we investigated whether codelivery of more than 1 encapsulated adjuvant compound can further enhance nerve blockade.
methodsLiposomes loaded with bupivacaine (Bup), dexamethasone phosphate (DexP), or dexmedetomidine (DMED) were synthesized and its in vitro drug release profiles were determined. Animals (Sprague-Dawley rats) were injected with liposomal Bup (Lipo-Bup) and adjuvants at the sciatic nerve and underwent a modified hot plate test to assess the degree of nerve block. The duration of block was monitored and the tissue reaction was assessed.
resultsCoinjection of Lipo-Bup with liposomal DexP (Lipo-DexP) and liposomal DMED (Lipo-DMED) prolonged the duration of sciatic nerve block 2.9-fold compared to Lipo-Bup alone (95% confidence interval, 1.9- to 3.9-fold). The duration of the block using this combination was significantly increased to 16.2 ± 3.5 hours compared to Lipo-Bup with a single liposomal adjuvant (8.7 ± 2.4 hours with Lipo-DMED, P = .006 and 9.9 ± 5.9 hours with Lipo-DexP, P = .008). The coinjection of Lipo-Bup with liposomal adjuvants decreased tissue inflammation (P = .014) but did not have a significant effect on myotoxicity when compared to Lipo-Bup alone. Coinjection of Lipo-Bup with unencapsulated adjuvants prolonged the duration of nerve block as well (25.0 ± 6.3 hours; P < .001) however was accompanied by systemic side effects.
conclusionsCodelivery of Lipo-DexP and Lipo-DMED enhanced the efficacy of Lipo-Bup. This benefit was also seen with codelivery of both adjuvant molecules in the unencapsulated state, but with marked systemic toxicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.