Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2018
Cancer burden attributable to cigarette smoking among HIV-infected people in North America.
Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Influencing Tobacco Smoking and Cessation Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Population reach, feasibility and acceptability of digital therapeutics for smoking cessation among people living with HIV: Results of the Quitting Matters pilot trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Trial
- Peer Navigation for Smoking Cessation in People With HIV Who Smoke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Sex- and age- specific lung cancer incidence and mortality among Medicaid beneficiaries with and without HIV, 2001-2015.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Modeled Health and Economic Burden of Frailty and Falls Among Adults With HIV.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Cancer burden and risk factors among women with HIV: a multi-regional study from the D:A:D and RESPOND cohort collaborations.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Effective and safe use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer in people living with HIV.HIV medicine · 2025Review
- "I've learned that I'm open-minded to this possibility": A qualitative study to evaluate the acceptability of a psilocybin-aided smoking cessation treatment for people with HIV who smoke.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- A qualitative examination of peer navigation for smoking cessation in people with HIV.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Cancers with epidemiologic signatures of viral oncogenicity among immunocompromised populations in the United States.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Smoking and Susceptibility to HIV Infection: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Cancer in People with HIV.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2024Review
- A Novel mHealth App for Smokers Living With HIV Who Are Ambivalent About Quitting Smoking: Formative Research and Randomized Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- A clinical overview of people living with HIV and genitourinary cancer care.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- Trends in Cancer Incidence in Different Antiretroviral Treatment-Eras amongst People with HIV.Cancers · 2023Article
- App-Delivered Mindfulness Training to Reduce Anxiety in People with HIV Who Smoke: A One-Armed Feasibility Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Trends and risk of lung cancer among people living with HIV in the USA: a population-based registry linkage study.The lancet. HIV · 2022Article
- Tobacco Use and Treatment of Tobacco Dependence Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Practical Guide for Clinicians.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- CD4/CD8 Ratio and Cancer Risk Among Adults With HIV.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Colliding Epidemics: Research Gaps and Implementation Science Opportunities for Tobacco Use and HIV/AIDS in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Journal of smoking cessation · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWith combination-antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected individuals live longer with an elevated burden of cancer. Given the high prevalence of smoking among HIV-infected populations, we examined the risk of incident cancers attributable to ever smoking cigarettes.
designObservational cohort of HIV-infected participants with 270 136 person-years of follow-up in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design consortium. Among 52 441 participants, 2306 were diagnosed with cancer during 2000-2015.
main outcome measuresEstimated hazard ratios and population-attributable fractions (PAF) associated with ever cigarette smoking for all cancers combined, smoking-related cancers, and cancers that were not attributed to smoking.
resultsPeople with cancer were more frequently ever smokers (79%) compared with people without cancer (73%). Adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of cancer overall [hazard ratios = 1.33 (95% confidence interval: 1.18-1.49)]; smoking-related cancers [hazard ratios = 2.31 (1.80-2.98)]; lung cancer [hazard ratios = 17.80 (5.60-56.63)]; but not nonsmoking-related cancers [hazard ratios = 1.12 (0.98-1.28)]. Adjusted PAFs associated with ever cigarette smoking were as follows: all cancers combined, PAF = 19% (95% confidence interval: 13-25%); smoking-related cancers, PAF = 50% (39-59%); lung cancer, PAF = 94% (82-98%); and nonsmoking-related cancers, PAF = 9% (1-16%).
conclusionAmong HIV-infected persons, approximately one-fifth of all incident cancer, including half of smoking-related cancer, and 94% of lung cancer diagnoses could potentially be prevented by eliminating cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking could contribute to some cancers that were classified as nonsmoking-related cancers in this report. Enhanced smoking cessation efforts targeted to HIV-infected individuals are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.