Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29237451›Full record

SynthesisBMC pulmonary medicine2017

Delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in low-and middle-income settings: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fentabil Getnet, Meaza Demissie, Nega Assefa, Bizatu Mengistie, Alemayehu Worku

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 178 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
178citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

178 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  3. Diagnostic delay in adult inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2023
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118 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fentabil GetnetDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jigjiga University, PO Box = 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia. b.infen4ever@gmail.com.
Meaza DemissieAddis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Nega AssefaSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Bizatu MengistieSchool of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Alemayehu WorkuSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAssessment of delays in seeking care and diagnosis of tuberculosis is essential to evaluate effectiveness of tuberculosis control programs, and identify programmatic impediments. Thus, this review of studies aimed to examine the extent of patient, health system, and total delays in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in low- and middle- income countries.

methodsIt was done following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Electronic databases were searched to retrieve studies published from 2007 to 2015 including Pubmed central, Springer link, Hinari and Google scholar. Searching terms were pulmonary tuberculosis, health care seeking, health care seeking behavior, patient delay, diagnostic delay, health system delay, provider delay, and doctor delay. Retrieved studies were systematically reviewed and summarized using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software.

resultsForty studies involving 18,975 patients qualified for systematic review, and 14 of them qualified for meta-analysis. The median diagnostic delay ranged from 30 to 366.5 days [IQR = 44-77.8], with a 4-199 days [IQR = 15-50] and 2-128.5 days [IQR = 12-34] due to patient and health system delays, respectively. The meta-analysis showed 42% of pulmonary tuberculosis patients delayed seeking care by a month or more; uneducated patients [pooled OR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.1-1.9] and those who sought initial care from informal providers [pooled OR = 3, 95%CI = 2.3-3.9] had higher odds of patient delay.

conclusionDelay in diagnosis is still a major challenge of tuberculosis control and prevention programs in low- and middle- income settings. Efforts to develop new strategies for better case-finding using the existing systems and improving patients' care seeking behavior need to be intensified.

Indexed as

Delayed DiagnosisDeveloping CountriesHealth Services AccessibilityHumansIncomePatient Acceptance of Health CareRisk FactorsTime FactorsTuberculosis, PulmonaryDiagnosis delayHealth systemPatient delayPulmonary tuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID29237451
PMCPMC5729407

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.