ReviewJournal of neuroendocrinology2018
Sex steroid hormones and brain function: PET imaging as a tool for research.
Review in Journal of neuroendocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in placebo and antidepressant response to intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Low-dose testosterone administration and oestrogen synthase availability in the female brain: A pilot study.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Quantitative and simplified [18F] fluoroestradiol positron emission tomography (PET) measures of brain estrogen receptor expression.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Dog Neuter, Yes or No? A Summary of the Motivations, Benefits, and Harms, with Special Emphasis on the Behavioral Aspect.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Modelling the effect of allopregnanolone on the resolution of spike-wave discharges.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- The role of motivation in eating disorders: understanding sex differences in the circuits.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Review
- Relating sex-bias in human cortical and hippocampal microstructure to sex hormones.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Sex as a Determinant of Age-Related Changes in the Brain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Heart-brain axis: Pushing the boundaries of cardiovascular molecular imaging.Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology · 2024Review
- Peering into the Brain's Estrogen Receptors: PET Tracers for Visualization of Nuclear and Extranuclear Estrogen Receptors in Brain Disorders.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- High-amplitude network co-fluctuations linked to variation in hormone concentrations over the menstrual cycle.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- The impact of 17β-estradiol on the estrogen-deficient female brain: from mechanisms to therapy with hot flushes as target symptoms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The Effect of Menopause on Antipsychotic Response.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Hormones and Sex-Specific Medicine in Human Physiopathology.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Sex is a defining feature of neuroimaging phenotypes in major brain disorders.Human brain mapping · 2022Review
- PET imaging of brain aromatase in humans and rhesus monkeys byScientific reports · 2021Article
- NRM 2021 Abstract Booklet.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2021Article
- The Effects of Testosterone on the Brain of Transgender Men.Androgens: clinical research and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Serum Levels Indicate Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of DHEA and Estradiol (E2) in Women at Term Pregnancy.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are major regulators of sexual characteristic among species. These hormones, however, are also produced in the brain. Steroidal hormone-mediated signalling via the corresponding hormone receptors can influence brain function at the cellular level and thus affect behaviour and higher brain functions. Altered steroid hormone signalling has been associated with psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Neurosteroids are also considered to have a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. So far, the role of steroid hormone receptors in physiological and pathological conditions has mainly been investigated post mortem on animal or human brain tissues. To study the dynamic interplay between sex steroids, their receptors, brain function and behaviour in psychiatric and neurological disorders in a longitudinal manner, however, non-invasive techniques are needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging tool that is used to quantitatively investigate a variety of physiological and biochemical parameters in vivo. PET uses radiotracers aimed at a specific target (eg, receptor, enzyme, transporter) to visualise the processes of interest. In this review, we discuss the current status of the use of PET imaging for studying sex steroid hormones in the brain. So far, PET has mainly been investigated as a tool to measure (changes in) sex hormone receptor expression in the brain, to measure a key enzyme in the steroid synthesis pathway (aromatase) and to evaluate the effects of hormonal treatment by imaging specific downstream processes in the brain. Although validated radiotracers for a number of targets are still warranted, PET can already be a useful technique for steroid hormone research and facilitate the translation of interesting findings in animal studies to clinical trials in patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.